《老人与海》，你读过几种？

7sasa7 2016-06-27

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一千个译者，一千个海明威

《老人与海》的不同译本，哪个更贴近你的想象？

可是人不能认输，人可以毁灭，但不能屈服。——欧内斯特·海明威

1952年9月1日，海明威在《生活》杂志上发表《老人与海》，500万份杂志两天内被抢购一空。成书出版后，接连助海明威捧回1953年的普利策奖和1954年的诺贝尔文学奖，奠定了他在20世纪英美文坛不可动摇的地位。

（第一版封面）

“那老人独驾轻舟，在墨西哥湾暖流里捕鱼，如今出海已有八十四天，仍是一鱼不获。”小说如此开篇，讲述了古巴老渔夫桑地雅哥与大鱼搏斗的故事，塑造了文学史上最经典的硬汉形象，也将海明威的冰山原则发挥到极致。全书不过两万七千字，但据海明威自己说，他曾先后校读此书达两百遍之多，所谓千锤百炼，自不待言。

一千个译者，一千个海明威

《老人与海》的不同译本，哪个更贴近你的想象？

可是人不能认输，人可以毁灭，但不能屈服。——欧内斯特·海明威

（第一版封面）

小说甫一出版，台湾的《大华晚报》就于1952年12月开始连载余光中的中译，并于1957年由重光文艺出版社出版单行本；另一个译本是1955年由香港中一出版社出版的张爱玲译本。1956年，茅盾主编的《译文》（后改名《世界文学》）12月号发表了海观译的《老人与海》。这几个版本可以说是国内最早的译本。之后，海明威和《老人与海》在中国沉寂了几十年，直到1980年代，吴劳、赵少伟、李锡胤和吴钧燮不约而同地推出新译本。自此，新译本不断涌现，直至今日，在市面上能看到的《老人与海》中译本就有二三十个之多。

跟翻译标准众说纷纭一样，对《老人与海》的不同译本，读者也是各有各的心头好。有人偏爱张爱玲和余光中的译文，因为他们俩本身就是作家和诗人，语言功底了得，呈现的画面感极好地还原了原文；也有人觉得吴劳和黄源深的译本更好，因为他们的译文更加忠实于原文，而无限贴近原文是译者应该履行的义务。

“译文欣赏”

译林出版社最早出版《老人与海》是在2007年，由上海翻译家协会副会长、中国译协理事黄源深翻译。黄源深老师英语专业出身，曾任过三届教育部全国高校外语教学指导委员会委员。除《老人与海》之外，黄老师还译有《简·爱》《道林·格雷的画像》《隐身人》等，均备受读者好评。

随后，译林出版又在2010年推出了乡愁诗人余光中的译本。余光中先生本身就是大文豪，著作等身，《白玉苦瓜》《记忆像铁轨一样长》《分水岭上》等都是他的代表作。但很多读者可能不知道，余先生本身还是一位非常卓越的翻译家，译有《美国诗选》和王尔德戏剧《温夫人的扇子》《不可儿戏》《理想丈夫》等。关于翻译，余先生有很多心得，“翻译如婚姻，是一种两相妥协的艺术”就出自他的笔下，而他的《余光中谈翻译》已被公认为翻译界的经典之作。余先生翻译的《老人与海》是中国最早的译本。五十多年后再版，又作了大量修订。

黄源深译余光中译

对于如何诠释这部作品，两位译界大家各显身手。

下面选取片段供大家欣赏。

余光中译本段落选读：

“The sun rose thinly from the sea and the old man could see the other boats, low on the water and well in toward the shore, spread out across the current. Then the sun was brighter and the glare came on the water and then, as it rose clear, the flat sea sent it back at his eyes so that it hurt sharply.

旭日从海底淡淡地升起，老人看到了别的渔船紧贴着水面，远离海岸，而且散布在湾流四处。不久阳光更亮，光芒照在水面，等到全轮升尽，平稳的海面把阳光反射到他的眼里，十分刺眼。

“He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed white as though they were snow-capped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them. The sea was very dark and the light made prisms in the water. The myriad flecks of the plankton were annulled now by the high sun and it was only the great deep prisms in the blue water that the old man saw now with his lines going straight down into the water that was a mild deep.

他不再看见绿色的海岸，但见蓝山的顶部闪白，犹如积雪，还有那山上的白云，像一簇高大的雪岭。海水颜色深暗，阳光在水中映出缤纷的七彩。浮游生物的万点红斑，已因太阳高升而逐渐隐去，老人只看到蓝水深处大片的七彩棱柱，还有他的钓索直入一英里深的海中。

“The line rose slowly and steadily and then the surface of the ocean bulged ahead of the boat and the fish came out. He came out unendingly and water poured from his sides. He was bright in the sun and his head and back were dark purple and in the sun the stripes on his sides showed wide and a light lavender. His sword was as long as a baseball bat and tapered like a rapier and he rose his full length from the water and then re-entered it, smoothly, like a diver and the old man saw the great scythe-blade of his tail go under and the line commenced to race out.

钓索慢慢地平稳地上升，接着船前的洋面庞然隆起，于是大鱼破水而出。它不断涌出水面，海水从它的两侧泻下。它闪着阳光，头部和背脊呈深紫色，两腰在日光下显出淡紫色的宽阔条纹。它的剑嘴像棒球棒那么长，又像窄剑那么尖，它全身跃出水面，又像个潜水能手那么平稳地落回海中；老人看着它那镰刀一般的大尾巴没入水中，于是钓索开始直射出去。

黄源深译本段落选读：

“He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains. He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard he surf roar and saw the native boats come riding through it. He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning.

不一会儿他就睡着了，他梦见了孩提时代的非洲，长长的金沙滩和白沙滩，白得简直刺眼，还梦见了高高的海岬和褐色的大山。如今他每晚都梦见生活在那片海岸上，在梦里听到海浪的咆哮，看到本地的小船破浪前进。睡梦中他闻到甲板上柏油和麻絮的味道，嗅着早上陆地微风带来的非洲气息。

“The fish never changed his course nor his direction all that night as far as the man could tell from watching the stars. It was cold after the sun went down and the old man’s sweat dried cold on his back and his arms and his old legs.

老人凭观察星星判断，整个晚上那条鱼既没有改变路线，也没有改变方向。日落后天气很冷，老人背上、胳膊上和老腿上的汗水都已经干了，身子发冷。

“But in the dark now and no glow showing and no lights and only the wind and the steady pull of the sail he felt that perhaps he was already dead. He put his two hands together and felt the palms. They were not dead and he could bring the pain of life by simply opening and closing them.

但现在一片漆黑，不见光亮，也没有灯光，只有风在刮，帆不住地拖扯着。他觉得说不定你自己已经死了。他双手并拢，碰了碰手掌。双手并没有死，只要一开一合，就能感到活生生的痛。