|
元代的八思巴字官印 Yuan Dynasty Official Seals in Phags-pa Script 中统元年忽必烈即位，后于1271年正式建号为元。此二年，即至元六年（1269年）颁行帝师八思巴创制的拼音文字——八思巴字，作为“译写一切文字”的“国书”（《元史·释老传》），用于诏旨和文告、法令、官印、符牌、钞币以及翻译汉文经史。以八思巴字为主的官印体制，在元代获得比较成功的推行。 In 1271, Kublai Khan, Emperor Shi Zu of the Yuan Dynasty, pronounced officially that the name of the state would henceforth be Yuan. The Alpha-syllabary Phags-pa script created in 1269 by Royal Preceptor Phags-pa was promulgated and promoted everywhere as the “National Language” to transcribe all languages within the empire. The new writing system was used for imperial edicts, seals, tallies, tags, coins and for translations of Chinese classics and histories. The official Seal system with Phags-pa as the dominant script was successfully spread and used in the Yuan Dynasty.  ▲元，“辅国安民之宝”，采自《中世纪传入欧洲的中国古代印迹》 Yuan Dynasty, “Seal of Supporting the Throne and Bringing Peace to People”. source 在八思巴字创造之前，蒙古曾用汉子印官。今藏梵蒂冈档案馆的阿八哈朝兔儿年颁发的护照上，钤有“辅国安民之宝”，是忽必烈大汉赐封属国大王的玺印。此“兔儿年”应为1256。印文为汉子九叠篆风格，其玺宝的文辞亦为宋制。 In the collection of the Vatican Archives is as passport issued on the Year of the Rabbit during the Reign of Abaqa Khan with the imprint “Seal of Supporting the Throne and Bringing Peace to People”, from a seal conferred by Kublai Khan on kings of subordinate kingdoms. The year of the rabbit was 1256. This seal has a nine-fold zhuan script and its content is formulated according to the Song Dynasty system.  ▲元，“统领释教大元国师”玉，西藏罗布林卡藏 Yuan Dynasty, Jade seal “State Preceptor of Buddhism of Great Yuan”, Norbulingka Palace, Tibet 元代皇帝御宝的形制，可由保存于西藏罗布林卡的元代赐封“统领释教大元国师”玉印推知亦为龙钮。元代尊佛教为国教，赐国师的印章在登记上高于王印，说明蹲龙钮一式自唐而下成为最高层印章的制定。 This Seal can be inferred from the jade seal “State Preceptor of Buddhism of Great Yuan” conferred by the Yuan Dynasty and preserved in the Norbulingka Palace in Tibet, that the imperial seals of Yuan emperors were also jade seals with dragon knobs. In the Yuan Dynasty, Buddhism was the state religion. The seals conferred on the State Preceptor were higher in rank that those of the princes. This indicated that, from the Tang Dynasty, the crunching dragon knob was an established standard for seals of the highest rank. 本文节选自孙慰祖：《中国印章-历史与艺术》，外文出版社，2010年。 Sun Weizu: The History and Art of Chinese Seals, Foreign Languages Press, 2010 责任编辑：戴梦岚 实习生：黄诗坤 您的转发与点赞是对我们工作的最大鼓励！ |
|
|
