维茨金：一个真正的“学霸”

Josh Waitzkin -- chess prodigy and Tai Chi master      Hey guys, it's WBD here! We're still very busy preparing our new office/recording studio, so today I'm going to share another one of my favorite books/people with you! 

    大家好，我是王霸胆！我们依然在很忙地整理着新的工作室+摄影棚，所以今天我还是会继续跟大家分享我最喜欢的人/作品。

    This man's name is Josh Waitzkin 维茨金. Some of you who follow chess or Tai Chi may have heard of him before. He's a legendary chess prodigy who became an International Grand Master by the age of 16. After claiming the highest accolades in chess as a teenager, as a young adult he started learning Tai Chi and became a world champion in push hands (推手) before he was 30. 

    这个人叫乔希·维茨金，你们如果有关注国际象棋，或者太极的人应该有听说过他。他在16岁的时候就是一个国际象棋神童，并成为国际大师。在年轻的时候获得象棋界的最高荣誉后，他决定在自己青壮年之时开始学习太极，并在30岁的时候成为世界太极推手冠军。

    Josh's story alone is incredibly inspirational, but to top it off, his life has also been featured in a Hollywood movie: Searching for Bobby Fischer. This movie chronicles his early life and discovery of chess. I highly recommend you check it out! I found a version online with Chinese subtitles, so if you're interested, scan the QR code to download Searching for Bobby Fischer. 

    乔希的传记真的非常励志，最妙的是，他的这段生活还被好莱坞拍成电影 -- 《王者之旅》（Searching for Bobby Fischer）。这部电影记载了他早年的生活以及如何走上象棋之路。我非常想推荐给大家！我在网上找到了带有中文字幕的电影，如果你有兴趣的话，扫描下面的二维码就可以观看了！

(电影和字幕是分开的，所以你需要使用支持外带字幕的播放软件)

    ...but wait, there's more! Josh is also the author of an influential book on learning, aptly entitled The Art of Learning. In this book, he dives deep into his theories on learning and explains how he uses the same principles to master chess, Tai Chi, and even Brazilian jiu-jitsu. 

    …等等，还有！乔希还著有一本很有影响力、关于如何学习的书，名为《学习之道》( The Art of Learning )。在这本书中，他深入地解析了他对于学习的理论，以及分析了他是如何用这样的概念去习得国际象棋、太极甚至是巴西柔术的。

    I really recommend you read this book! It has the potential to totally transform your perspective on learning. If you liked my earlier video on Growth Mindset vs. Fixed Mindset, then you'll love this book. 

    我同样十分地推荐这本书！它真的有可能会完全改变你对学习这件事的看法。如果你喜欢我之前做的关于“固定心态与成长心态”的视频的话，我相信你也会喜欢这本书的！

    You can scan this QR code to download the PDF version of the book (English or Chinese both available).

    你可以扫描下面的二维码，来下载这本书的PDF格式（中英文版本）

    I recently re-read it again and took notes. Below is a selection of some of the notes I took. Enjoy!

    我最近又重读了一下这本书，并且做了笔记，以下是从我的读书笔记中整理出来的片段，敬请阅读！

The Art of Learning 《学习之道》

by Josh Waitzkin

• Entity vs. Incremental theories of learning (Carol Dweck). Now these theories have been updated and are called Fixed vs. Growth mindset. Successful learners strive to cultivate an incremental (growth) mindset.

• 实体与增量的学习理论（由美国心理学教授卡罗尔·德韦克提出），现在这个理论已经进一步研究变为“固定心态和与成长心态”。一个好的学习者会努力去挖掘自己的成长心态。

• Telling a child 'You are good at this!' will develop an entity (fixed) mindset. Telling them 'You worked really hard at this!' will develop an incremental (growth) mindset.

• 跟一个孩子说：“你真的很擅长这个！” 只会去深化他的固定心态（ta会觉得做好一件事是因为天赋），而跟一个孩子说：“你做这件事真的很努力呀！” 会去深化他的成长心态（ta会觉得做好一件事是因为自己付出了努力）

• Like a hermit crab, if you want to grow, you must leave your protective shell in order to find a new shell. During this transition period, you are most vulnerable. 

• 就像寄居蟹一样，如果你真的想要成长，你就要离开你的保护壳，并且去找到下一个更大的壳，而在这个转移的过程中，你会是最脆弱的时候。

• Someone with an entity (fixed) mindset is like an anorexic hermit crab, starving itself so it doesn't have to grow and find a new shell.

• 具有固定心态的人，就像一只患了厌食症的寄居蟹一样，只会让自己不断地饿着，因为这样它就不需要成长，也就不需要去找更大更新的壳了。

• If we want to learn, we must try our hardest, even if we don't succeed. 

• 如果我们下定决心学习的话，就应该尽最大的努力去做，即便知道自己不一定会成功。

• When we encounter resistance, it means we're growing. 

• 当我们面临阻碍的时候，恰恰说明我们正在成长当中。

• We learn by pushing ourselves and discovering the outer reach of our abilities.

• 我们就是在不断地在逼迫自己，开发自己理解范畴之外的能力的过程中，不断地学习的。

• After making a mistake, it is important to regain mindfulness and clarity to prevent the mistake from snowballing.

• 在学习中犯错之后，要利用专注和洞察力去防止自己将错误不断地扩展下去。

• The first mistake rarely proves disastrous, but the downward spiral of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th mistake is disastrous

• 最初遇到的问题很少会去造成灾难性的后果，但是随着这个错误不断地层级发展，那将会最终酿成灾难。

• If we can learn without ever making the same mistake twice, we could skyrocket to the top of our field. In practice this is impossible, but we can try to minimize our errors by keeping an eye out for technical or thematic errors.

• 如果我们可以在学习当中，从来不会犯同一个错误两次，我们可以在这个领域中突飞猛进。但是这个在学习当中是不可能的，不过我们可以将这样的错误去达到最小化，只要我们在技术性和原则性问题上处处留心就行。

    I think that's probably enough to get you started! Dive in and start reading this amazing book by world-class athlete and chess prodigy Josh Waitzkin. You won't regret it.

    我觉得以上这些笔记，应该够你开始阅读了！让自己沉浸在这本由世界级的运动好手、国际象棋神童 乔希·维茨金所著的书吧，你不会后悔的！

Happy learning!

WBD