Unit1What’sthematter?
一、??询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法?
?(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：?
What’s?the?matter?(with?sb．)?（某人）怎么了？?
What’s?wrong?(with?sb．)?（某人）怎么了？?
What’s?the?trouble?(with?sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？?
What?happened?(to?sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？?
Are?you?OK?你没事吧？?
Is?there?anything?wrong?with?sb.？某人有什么事吗？?
要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
?①某人+have/has+病症．?
The?twins?have?colds．双胞胎感冒了。?
(某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.?
She?had?a?stomachache?last?night．她昨晚肚子痛。
?③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位．?He?has?a?sore?throat．他喉咙痛。
?④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词．?He?hurt?his?leg.他的腿受伤了。
?⑤某部位+hurt(s).?
My?head?hurts?badly．我头痛得厉害。?
⑥某人+have/has+a?pain+in?one’s+身体部位，?I?have?a?pain?in?my?chest．我胸口痛。?
⑦(There?is)something?wrong?with?one’s+身体部位．?
There?is?something?wrong?with?my?right?eye．．我的右眼有毛病。
?⑧其他表达方式?
She?has?a?heart?trouble．她有心脏病。?
He?got?hit?on?the?head他头部受到了撞击。?
She?cut?her?finger．她割破手指了。
二??情态动词should的用法?
1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。?You?should?drink?hot?water?with?honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。?
He?should?put?his?head?back他应该把头后仰。?
We?should?try?our?best?to?help?him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。?You?shouldn‘t?watch?TV.你不应该看电视。?
2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。?Should?I?put?some?medicine?on?it?我应当给它敷上药吗？?Should?we?tell?her?about?it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？?
【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：?
①Would?you?like?(to?do)?sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？?
Would?you?like?to?play?basketball?with?me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
?②Shall?I/we?do?sth???我／我们做??好吗？?
??Shall?we?go?to?the?zoo?tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？?
③Why?not?do?sth??为什么不??呢？?
??Why?not?join?us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？?
④How/What?about?doing?sth??做某事怎么样？???How?about?going?swimming?去游泳怎么样？?
⑤Let’s?do?sth让我们做??吧。???Let’s?go?home．咱们回家吧。?
⑥You’d?better?(not)?do?sth你最好（不）要做某事。?
??You’d?better?not?go?there?alone．你最好不要一个人去那儿。?
Unit2I''llhelpcleanupthecityparks
动词不定式?
A.?作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。?常用句型：It?+be+adj./n.+(for/of?sb.)?to?do?sth./It?takes?sb.?some?time?to?do?sth.?
B.?作宾语——动词want,?decide,?hope,?ask,?agree,?choose,?learn,?plan,?need,?teach,?prepare…常接动词不定式作宾语。
C.?作（后置）定语——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to?do”或“enough＋名＋to?do”“It’s?time?to?do?sth.”等结构中。?
D.?作宾语补足语——tell,?ask,?want,?invite,?teach,?like,?call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want?/call/invite?sb.?to?do?sth.结构。?
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen?to,?hear)，三让(let,?make,?have,，四看(look?at,?see,?watch,?notice)，半帮助(help)”。
?E.?动词不定式作状语?
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in?order?(to)?或so?as?(to)?“为了，目的是”。常用结构有too?+?adj./adv.?+?to?do?sth.等。
?F.?固定句式中动词不定式的用法?常见的形式有：had?better?(not)?do?sth./Would?you?like?to?do?sth.?/Why?not?do?sth.?/Would?you?please?(not)?do?sth.?等。
Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom
Could?you?please...?句型?
（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can?you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could?you/I...?若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。?
??Could?you?help?me?find?my?book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？?
对could?you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of?course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please?don’t”。?一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。?
表示请求的句式：???
Would?you?like?to?do...????Would?you?mind?doing...????Let’s?do....???Shall?I/we?do...??
??Please?do...(祈使句前加please)?
提示：could?you?please...与could?I?Please...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：?
Could?you?please?help?me?请你帮我一下好吗？?
Could?I?please?invite?my?friends?to?my?birthday?party,Mom??妈妈，?我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？
Unit4Whydon''tyoutalktoyourparents?
提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How?/what?about?doing?sth.?（about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词）“…怎么样？”?
You’d?better?(not)?do?something.“你最好（不）做某事”?
Would?you?like?sth?…?:“你想要某物Let?s?do?sth…??
What?should?I?do?…??(?should表示请求、征询对方意见)?
2.学会谈论问题和学会用why?don''t?you…提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式：?
Why?don?t?you?do?something??=Why?not?do?something???你为什么不做某事呢？?来表示请求、征询对方意见
３．until,?so?that?,although引导的状语从句：
1)until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,?“在……以前不……”,?谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don?t?get?off?until?the?bus?stops.?
2）so?that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He?studies?hard?so?that?he?could?work?better?in?the?future?
3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and，?so等连用，但可以和yet，?still等词连用。?例如：Although?he?was?tired,?he?went?on?working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。?
Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame？
过去进行时?
1.?基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的
动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外,?一般用时间状语来表示。?
?结构??was?/?were?(?not?)?+?动词-ing??????
?句式???????
?肯定式：?
I/He/She/It?was?working.?We/You/They/?were?working.??
否定式:?
I/He/She/It?was?not?working.?
We/You/They/?were?not?working.???????
??疑问式和简略回答:?
Was?I?working??Yes,?you?were.?No,?you?were?not.?Were?you?working??Yes,?I?was.?No,?I?was?not.?Was?he/she/it?working??Yes,?he/she/it?was.?No,?he/she/it?was?not.?Were?we/you/they?working??Yes,?you/we/they?were.?No,?you/we/they?were?not.?注：?
1)?was?not常缩略为wasn’t;?were?not常缩略为weren’t。?
2)?一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较:?一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,?而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。?例如:?
David?wrote?a?letter?to?his?friend?last?night.??大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)?
David?was?writing?a?letter?to?his?friend?last?night.??大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)
4.过去进行时中的when和while?
?when,?while?区别：?
?由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；?由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。?
When?the?teacher?came?in,?we?were?talking.?
?当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：??While?we?were?talking,?the?teacher?came?in.??
2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：??
They?were?singing?while?we?were?dancing.?
Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains
1.?unless引导条件状语从句??
?unless?=?if?…?not?―除非，若不??
They?will?go?tomorrow?unless?it?rains.?
=?They?will?go?tomorrow?if?it?doesn’t?rains.?
?as?soon?as引导时间状语从句。?―……就
?He?will?come?and?see?you?as?soon?as?he?can.?
3.?so.......that引导结果状语从句?
句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句
The?wind?was?so?strong?that?we?could?hardly?move?forward.?
句型2：?so?+形容词?+?a/an?+?单数名词?+?that从句?
It?was?so?hot?a?day?that?they?all?went?swimming.?
句型3.??so?+?many/?few?+?复数名词?+?that从句?
He?has?so?few?friends?that?he?often?feels?lonely.?
句型4：?so?+much/?little?+?不可数名词?+?that?从句?
?I?had?so?little?money?that?I?couldn’t?buy?a?pen.?
Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?
形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级??
（一）原级句型：?
1.?A?is?as+原级+?as+?B?表示A?与B一样…eg:?He?is?as?tall?as?me.
2.A?is?not?as/so?+原级+?as?B表示A不如B…eg:He?is?not?as?tall?as?me.?
3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so,?enough,?pretty等??
?例如，He?is?too?tired?to?walk?on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。?
比较级句型?
可以修饰比较级的词，much，a?lot，far，…的多a?little，a?bit，…一点儿?even甚至，still仍然??????
Eg.?Lesson?One?is?much?easier?than?Lesson?Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。????????
Tom?looks?even?younger?than?before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。?
1.当句中有than?时则用比较级。?eg:?He?is?fatter?than?me.?
2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A?or?B？”?
eg:?Which?is?bigger，the?earth?or?the?moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？?
3.?“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。?
???eg.The?flowers?are?more?and?more?beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。?
?加more构成比较级的形容词则用more?and?more?+形容词表示越来越…?
eg:?English?is?more?and?more?important.?
?“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。???
Eg.?The?more?careful?you?are，the?fewer?mistakes?you’ll?make.?
“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of?the?two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。????
Eg.Look?at?the?two?boys.?My?brother?is?the?taller?of?the?two.?
A+be+形容词比较级+than+any?other+单数名词(+介词短语)”???表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。????
Eg.?The?Yangtze?River?is?longer?than?any?other?river?in?China.?
=The?Yangtze?River?is?the?longest?river?in?China.?
（三）最高级常用句型结构?
1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。?
??eg：Tom?is?the?tallest?in?his?class./of?all?the?students.???
This?apple?is?the?biggest?of?the?five.?
2．“主语+be+one?of?the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。?
Eg：Beijing?is?one?of?the?largest?cities?in?China.?
“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or?C？”用于三者以上?
eg?Which?is?the?biggest??The?moon,the?sun?or?ths?earth??
“the?+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大（…）
?eg:?The?Yellow?River?is?the?second?longest?river?in?China?.?
【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the??
eg:?He?is?the?best?student?in?my?class.???He?is?my?best?friend.?
形容词副词的规则与不规则变化???
规则变化??
?1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest???
以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest???
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，
heavy-heavier-heaviest?
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，
eg.?big-bigger-biggest?
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more?slowly-most?slowly；beautiful-?more?beautiful-most?beautiful
不规则变化
原级 ?比较级 ?最高级 good/well? better? best? bad/badly/ill? worse ?worst many/much? more? most little less? least? far? farther? farthest? further? furthest old?? older ?Oldest(无血缘关系的) elder? eldest（有血缘关系）
?Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?
Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?
现在完成时?(Present?Perfect?Tense)?
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。?
—It’s?so?dark.?太黑了。?
—Someone?has?turned?off?the?light.?有人把灯关上了。?
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。?
常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego,?so?far等时间状语连用。?
Eg.?I?have?lived?here?for?ten?years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）?
Eg.?I?have?lived?here?since?2003.?自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）?
（3）?基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)??(当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)??
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他??I?have?finished?my?homework.?(肯定句)?
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他?I?have?not?finished?my?homework.?（否定句）
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
—Have?you?finished?your?homework??
—Yes,?I?have.?/?No,?I?haven’t,?（一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）?
（4）has?gone?(to),?has?been?(to),??has?been?(in)?的区别?
??Have/Has?gone(to)?:去了(现在不在说话现场)
?Eg.?---Where?is?your?father？?
---He?has?gone?to?Shanghai.??
??Have/Has?been?(to)?:去过（已不在去过的地方）?
Eg.?My?father?has?been?to?Shanghai.??
??Have/has?been?in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）?
Eg.?My?father?has?been?in?Shanghai?for?two?months.??=My?father?has?been?in?Shanghai?since?two?months?ago.?
（5）现在完成时的标志：?
①常与just,?already,?yet,?ever,?never,?before,?so?far?等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。?
Have?you?ever?been?to?Japan??I?have?just?finished?my?homework.?
②for?+?时间段；since?+?过去的时间点；since?+?段时间?ago；since?+?一般过去时的句子。?
They?have?known?each?other?for?five?years.?Since?he?was?a?child,?he?has?lived?in?England.
动词过去式和过去分词的变化
?规则变化：??1.?一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick?→?picked?→?picked;??wish?→?wished?→?wished;??stay?→?stayed?→?stayed??
2.?以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like?→?liked?→?liked;??hope?→?hoped?→?hoped;?phone?→?phoned?→?phoned??
3.?以―辅音字母?+?y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study?→?studied?→?studied;??hurry?→?hurried?→?hurried;?reply?→?replied?→?replied?
4.?词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop?→?stopped?→?stopped;?clap?→?clapped?→?clapped
?不规则变化：??
?以不变应万变。如：let?→?let?→?let;?put?→?put?→?put;?read?→?read?→?read?
6.?若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：?
feel?→?felt?→?felt;?keep?→?kept?→?kept;?sleep?→?slept?→?slept??
7.?结尾的字母d变t。如：lend?→?lent?→?lent;??build?→?built?→?built;?send?→?sent?→?sent??
8.?变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy?→?bought?→?bought;?
?bring?→?brought?→?brought;?catch?→?caught?→?caught;?teach?→?taught?→?taught
Unit10I''vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.
短暂性动词（buy,?die,?join,?finish等）不能直接与for,?since?连用，?需要改变动词。????
begin(start)--be?on
2)?open--be?open?
become--be
die--be?dead?
?fall?asleep--?be?asleep??
close?--?be?closed?
end/?finish---be?over???
?put?on--wear?
leave--?be?away(from)??
catch?a?cold--have?a?cold?
join?the?army--in?the?army/be?a?soldier??
borrow---keep?
join?the?party--?be?in?the?party/?be?a?party?member??
?buy---have?
15)come/go/?arrive/reach/get?/move?to?---be?in?/at
总结：1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果；?
还可以表示过去发生的动作,一直持续到现在，也有可能持续下去.?
3..一般情况下，for+时间段；?since+过去的时间点；since?+?段时间?ago；since?+?一般过去时的句子
4.句型：现在完成时态（have/has+延续性动词的过去分词）+?for/?since...
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