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上海日报全新开启武康路专栏。不长不短低调安静的这条路，一百年来到底有多少传奇和故事？专栏作家乔争月敲开一扇扇厚重的大门，带你一起探寻深藏不露的秘密。 2009年作者搬到武康路的一条小弄堂时，这条路还没有什么名气呢，必须用“离淮海路很近”来解释武康路在哪儿。但慢慢地呀，这条路越来越红了，劈情操的咖啡馆开了不少，看落叶和老房子的人也好多，2011年还当选 “中国历史文化名街”，从此再不用啰嗦武康路是条什么路了。其实，这一切变化源于2007年启动的一次实验性改造哦。 When I moved into a flat hidden down a lane on Wukang Road in 2009, a government project for regenerating this historical road was just coming to an end. Stretching 1 kilometer, the road appeared more neat and beautiful, but it was still quiet and unknown. Often I had to explain where I lived by adding “not far from Xujiahui” or “near Huaihai Road.” In 2011, Wukang Road was named a national historical and cultural street by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. I don’t have to explain where I live any more. These changes can be attributed largely to the rejuvenation project that kicked off in 2007 — regarded as the city’s first attempt to restore and revive a historical street. It proved to be so successful that Xuhui government plans to copy “the Wukang Road model” and apply to other historical streets. 交通大学教授、原上海市规划局风貌处处长王林介绍，2005年上海首次确立中心城12个历史文化风貌区内的144条道路为历史风貌保护道路。其中有64条最美的一级道路将永不拓宽。武康路不仅被列为一条永不拓宽的道路，而且因为它不长不短又业态简单，还幸运地被选为第一条保护性改造的试点道路。 “The Wukang Road project resulted from the city’s groundbreaking 2005 plan to establish 12 historical areas and 144 historical streets in downtown Shanghai. The 144 streets include 64 that will never be widened in order to preserve their original look and the old buildings flanking the roads,” says Wang Lin, who was vice director of the Planning Bureau’s Historic Conservation Department when participating in the project. As one of the 64, Wukang Road was selected for the first revamp. 武康路项目总规划师、同济大学教授沙永杰表示，这条路的做法与以往很不同，虽然花钱不多，却得到很多赞誉，特别是把道路整治和修缮老房子结合在一起，让武康路的居民们很满意。他说武康路原先是没有显山露水的一条路，整治项目没有犯什么错误，做了一点该做的小动作而已，但是做得很到位。武康路项目因此还获得全国规划一等奖，事实证明这种全新的规划模式，非常有效。 “With professional guidance from myself and fellow architects, the restoration has had a great impact without costing too much. This helped us gain the trust and support of residents,” says Tongji University professor Sha Yongjie. “Wukang Road has always been a quiet road. We have made some small, proper changes and luckily few mistakes. We did a small thing, but it was well-done,” says Sha, adding that the project has won a state-level award for excellence in urban planning. 上世纪二三十年代，上海进入城市发展的黄金时期，获得“东方巴黎”的美称。专家们一直认为有两个区域最能体现国际大都会的形象——经济引擎外滩和以高档住宅区为主的法租界西区。好吧，让我们从昔日法租界西区这条不长但故事多的武康路，开始一段神奇的探索之旅。 Shanghai entered its “golden era” in the 1920s and early 1930s, which shaped the urban scene of a city once known as “Paris of the East.” Architectural scholars believe two regions best represent this metropolis in the Far East — the Bund as the city’s economic engine and the western area of the French Concession as an upscale residential community. After completing two series about the Bund, I’m moving westward. Like the local government, I also choose Wukang Road as the starting point to explore the old “new French Concession.” “曾外祖父1926年买下了武康路2号，把花园一部分给了长女莫怀珠和女婿蔡声白。外祖父（蔡声白）聘请上海著名建筑师奚福泉在花园里设计了武康路4号，” 香港溢达集团董事长杨敏德在《蔡声白》传记中提到。 “Great-grandfather Moh bought No. 2 on Wukang Road and moved there in 1926. He gave a part of the garden to his eldest daughter, Pearl, and son-in-law, Hsiung Tsai. My grandfather hired Xi Fuquan, a well-known Shanghainese architect, to build No. 4 Wukang Road,” wrote Marjorie Yang, Moh’s great-granddaughter in her book “Hsiung Tsai.” 她的曾外祖父就是上海丝业大王莫觞清，曾经拥有10多家丝厂，1917年建立美亚织绸厂，后任命海归女婿蔡声白为经理。 这个决定非常明智。蔡声白运用先进的泰罗管理体系来经营企业，取得巨大成功。1930年时，美亚已经拥有859台丝织机，超过2000名员工。 Her great-grandfather Moh Shangqing was an influential silk tycoon in old Shanghai. Moh owned more than 10 silk factories and is at the top of the big family tree on the wall. To mitigate risks caused by fluctuating global silk prices, Moh had decided to enter the silk-weaving business and founded Mayar Silk Mills in 1917. Later he employed his son-in-law, a graduate from Lehigh University in US, to manage it. It proved to be a wise decision. Tsai adapted Taylorism and achieved great success. By 1930, Mayar had 859 looms and more than 2,000 employees. 溢达集团纱线销售部市场营销总监郭卫东介绍：“这是中国第一家现代化的丝绸企业，中国几千年历史，以前都是传统家庭式的作坊，将现代企业的机器，管理，操作用于丝绸生产，美亚是第一家。” 他还提到，传统手工业丝绸做出来质量没有保证，现代丝绸的生产完全改变了质量的缺陷，当年许多电影明星穿美亚丝绸做广告。 “It was China’s first modern silk company. They used modern machines rather than traditional family mills that had been used for thousands of years,” explains Guo Weidong, a senior director of Esquel Group, who participated in renovating the interior and designing the exhibition at No. 4 Wukang Road. “Mayar’s modern way of production avoided handmade flaws and improved product quality. Many old Shanghai movie stars chose to wear Mayar’s silk,” Guo adds. 莫氏一家于上世纪五十年代离沪赴港。1978年，蔡声白的女婿杨元龙也进入纺织行业，创建了溢达集团，同样取得成功。女儿杨敏德后来继承了企业，后购回武康路2号和4号，将武康路2号作为上海的住宅。 而武康路4号经过修缮，目前变身为介绍家族史和纺织产业的展示空间。这座简洁现代公寓线条流畅，有大大的玻璃窗，由曾经留学德国的中国设计师奚福泉设计。 The Moh family left Shanghai for Hong Kong in the 1950s. Tsai’s son-in-law Yang Yuan Loong restarted the textile business, Esquel Group, in 1978. It has also been very successful. His daughter Marjorie Yang inherited the business and used No. 2 Wukang Road as her local residence after reacquiring two villas around 2006. No. 4 has been renovated and is now a private gallery exhibiting the family’s history and their textile business. Graced with flowing curves and large glass windows, this simplely cut,, utterly modern villa is the work of a Chinese architect who had studied in Germany. 据同济大学讲师钱峰介绍，奚福泉曾经师从研究中国建筑历史的恩斯特·柏石曼。这位著名学者著有多部相关著作，给奚福泉的博士论文命题是清朝皇陵。 在德学习期间，奚福泉深受德国现代建筑运动的影响，如德意志建筑联盟、环社Der Ring等。也许是他回国较晚的原因，他的作品绝大多数都是纯粹的现代风格，其名作虹桥疗养院是上海建筑史上的现代建筑代表作。 “Architect Xi Fuquan was a student of famous German professor Ernest Boerschmann, who had published six academic studies about Chinese architectural history. He suggested Xi study the Qing Dynasty’s (1644-1911) royal mausoleum for his PhD thesis,” says Tongji University professor Qian Feng, who is working on a research project about Chinese architects. “However, Xi must have been strongly influenced by Germany’s modern architectural movement, including Der Ring,” Qian adds. “These societies hosted many lectures and exhibitions to promote modern architectural concepts. So when Xi returned to China, you can see most of his works are purely modern, such as Hongqiao Sanatorium, which is regarded as a signature piece of modern architecture in Shanghai.”
参与武康路4号改造工程的郭卫东提到：“房子大修前状况不太好。我用了很多纺织材料来装饰，从窗帘、挂毯到粗纱的纱筒，还用布料来装点灯饰。另外，我用新疆的棉花做了凳子，并用江苏买的纺车来展示纺织业的早期历史。” When Guo visited No. 4 before the renovation, he says it was in a poor condition. “I used a variety of textile products to decorate the house, from curtains, the hanging carpet to yarn cone. Even the light is embellished with cloth,” he says. “I also used cotton from our Xinjiang farm to make a stool and bought an antique weaving machine from Jiangsu Province to showcase the beginnings of the textile industry,” he adds. |
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