海和洋的区别?
OCEAN:The oceans are basins in the surface of the solid earth containing salt water. The major ocean areas are the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean (Figure 2.1).The first four are clearly divided from each other by land masses, but the divisions between the Southern Ocean and oceans to its north are determined only by the characteristics of the ocean waters and their circulations.
SEA:Marginal seas are fairly large basins of salt water that are connected to the open ocean by one or more fairly narrow channels.Those that are connected by very few channels are sometimes called mediterranean seas after the prototype, the (European) Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean provides an example of a negative water balance in a sea with less inflow (river runoff and precipitation) than evaporation. An excellent example of a positive water balance marginal sea (with net precipitation) is found in the Black Sea, which connects with the Mediterranean Sea. The term sea is also used for a portion of an ocean that is not divided off by land but has local distinguishing oceanographic characteristics; for example the Norwegian Sea, the Labrador Sea, the Sargasso Sea, and the Tasman Sea.
摘自于物理海洋的比较权威的一本入门专业书:Descriptive Physical Oceanography 6th
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冯士筰 海洋科学导论
地球上互相连通的广阔水域构成统一的世界海洋。根据海洋要素特点及形态特征,可将其分为主要部分和附属部分。主要部分为洋,附属部分为海、海湾和海峡(图
2-7)。

洋或称大洋,是海洋的主体部分,一般远离大陆,面积广阔,约占海洋总面积的90.3%;深度大,一般>2000m;海洋要素如盐度、温度等不受大陆影响,盐度平均为35‰, 且年变化小;具有独立的潮汐系统和强大的洋流系统。世界大洋通常被分为四大部分,即太平洋、大西洋、印度洋和北冰洋(图2-7),各大洋的面积、容积和深度如表2-3所示。

海是海洋的边缘部分,据国际水道测量局的材料,全世界共有54个海, 其面积只占世界海洋总面积的9.7%。海的深度较浅,平均深度一般在2000m以内。其温度和盐度等海洋水文要素受大陆影响很大,并有明显的季节变化。水色低,透明度小,没有独立的潮汐和洋流系统,潮波多系由大洋传入,但潮汐涨落往往比大洋显著,海流有自己的环流形式。