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撒拉亭茶馆和天园京昆传习所，在纪念素有“中国的莎士比亚”之美誉的世界戏剧大师汤显祖逝世400周年之际，于10月16日周日晚联合举办“曲径探赜、一瓣心香”高端文化雅集，将戏曲界首项入选人类非物质文化遗产名录的昆曲，带给喜爱传统文化的撒友。本次昆曲沙龙，延续去年在撒拉亭首次昆曲分享会的超高人气，天园京昆传习所的老师们将继续带来经典戏目《牡丹亭》下半部重点精华曲段表演，以下为本次分享沙龙演绎节选篇章简介：故事发生在宋朝。南安郡太守杜宝的女儿杜丽娘天生丽质、才华过人。一日，她与丫鬟春香至后花园游玩，在满园春光、姹紫嫣红中，她欢喜不已，但又感伤青春易逝，无比惆怅。某日午后，她朦胧睡去，梦见一翩翩书生手执柳枝前来幽会，两人一见倾心，梦中结合，欢愉无比。一梦醒罢，追思不已，从此相思成疾，郁郁而终。丽娘临终前顾影自怜，描下了自己真容并题诗于上，埋于花园牡丹亭旁的太湖石下。三年后，广州书生柳梦梅赴京赶考，途径安南郡，在石下拾到画像，惊为天人，于是焚香拜画，声声呼唤。丽娘灵魂寻声而至，两人终于幽合。梦梅尊丽娘之嘱掘墓开棺，丽娘得以复生，二人结为美满夫妻。《牡丹亭》由明代戏剧大师汤显祖所作。他一生著作等身，最有成就的是传奇《临川四梦》，其中以《牡丹亭》成就最大，代表着汤显祖戏剧思考和创作的最高成就。《牡丹亭》最能代表昆曲的艺术特色，五百年来长演不衰，几乎成了昆曲的代名词。在《牡丹亭》中，汤显祖热情歌颂了人的天性，被称为“人性绝唱”。在价值观上《牡丹亭》公开肯定了人的生命欲望，对当时控制了社会各个角落的“存天理，灭人欲”的理学观给与了无情的抨击和否定。《惊梦》重在表现杜丽娘对大自然的无比热爱和青春意识的萌动觉醒，在强烈的反差对比中，她怀着难以排遣的春闷和幽怨以及对爱情的无比渴望，在“没乱里春情难缱，蓦地里怀人幽怨”这种没来由的、突如其来的春情中进入梦境，臆想出一个与自己才貌相当、风度翩翩的的梦中情人，并产生强烈的心灵对撞。【山坡羊】、【山桃红】两支曲极为动听，通过情景交融的方法，刻画了丽娘的苦闷与烦恼，细腻动人。当丽娘正自叹“春情难缱、怀人幽怨”之时，梦梅飘然而至，并感慨“如花美眷”“却在幽闺自怜”，于是二人顾盼之间，便发出“相看俨然，是哪处曾相见？”的强烈心声，实现了灵与肉的结合。《惊梦》一出，反映了在宋明理学等封建礼教桎梏下青年女子的苦闷，揭露了扼杀人性的封建礼教和对人的摧残，表现了鲜明的反封建精神。 一场春醒，杜丽娘怅然若失。她再次前往花园，企图寻回梦中的缠绵与爱恋。仍然是那样撩人的春色，还是那座美丽的花园，湖山石边，杨柳如线，牡丹亭畔，榆荚倒垂，梅树之下，梅子累累，昨日云雨，恍惚仍现，“那来时荏苒，去也迁延，非远，那雨迹云踪才一转，敢依花傍柳还重现”，梅树下，却不再有体贴入微的少年。寻来寻去都不见，梦到底还是梦！当丽娘突然意识到这一点，于是“昨日今朝，眼下心前，阳台一座登时变”，她心如刀绞，开始生出向死之心，且将梅树当作了自己的归宿。此处，一段曲牌【江儿水】充分表达出了丽娘满心的悲凉和哀怨：“偶然间人似缱,在梅树边，似这等花花草草由人恋，生生死死随人愿，便酸酸楚楚无人怨，待打并香魂一片，阴雨梅天，守的个梅根相见。”连花草都可以由人恋，而人的生死却不能如愿！这是一件多么悲哀的事！我的心魂早就和梅树成了一片，有朝一日，我还是要去这个梅树根下，和自己的情人相见！此处这“花花草草、生生死死、酸酸楚楚”三组叠词，堪比李清照之“寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚”，烘托出杜丽娘的无限哀楚和绝望之情。由春情荡漾始，到酸楚哀怨终，从饱含激情而来到灰心绝望而去，一出“寻梦”，起伏跌宕，道尽了少女的悲哀和苍凉，也为杜丽娘的离世留下了伏笔。《寻梦》一出，饱含着深情与期望，文词华美，情思缠绵，曲调宛转，动作细腻优美，是闺门旦的重要剧目，也是《牡丹亭》表演中难度最大的一出。杜丽娘独自一人在台上演唱十余支曲子，而她的道具，仅仅是一把折扇。游园、惊梦之后，杜丽娘便不能自已了，她郁郁寡欢，茶饭不思，日渐消瘦，终至气息奄奄。一日，她步至镜前，看到自己的花容月貌即将空付，顿生自怜，于是拿起笔墨，描真容于纸上，并题诗一首，嘱春香将画埋于太湖石下，希望日后得一知已，将把她的容貌与才情传于世。游园惊梦中，杜丽娘首次对镜梳妆，发出了“恰三春好处无人见”的感慨，开启了她自我觉醒的第一步，写真里再一次顾镜自怜，叙述了杜丽娘内心的纠结痛楚，重在表现杜丽娘对现实的心灰心冷和对未来的希望寄托。进一步完成了她个人意识的建立。《写真》也为随后的《拾画》、《玩真》两折进行了铺垫，尤其是题诗中“不在梅边在柳边”一句，更为柳梦梅的出现点了题。可以说，写真是杜丽娘寻求知己的工具，也是杜丽娘与柳梦梅从梦中走入现实的的中介。八月十五的月光伴着丝丝小雨，洒在杜府里，格外地冷清。在“人间何物似情浓”的哀叹中，奄奄一息的杜丽娘终于撑不过这个夜晚了。面对这一轮孤月，她满心凄凉---- “轮时盼节想中秋，人到中秋不自由。奴命不中孤月照，残生今夜雨中休。”在无限的留恋中，在她对未来“但愿那月落重生灯更红”的期望里，她拼尽全力拜别母亲，一缕香魂不屈不甘地缓缓离去，留给白发人永远的伤痛，留给世人无尽的唏嘘。《离魂》一出，极为哀愁动人，如果说，游园惊梦唤醒了杜丽娘，写真完成了她个人意识的建立，那么离魂就是一出充满血泪的控诉书——封建的桎梏、“存天理、灭人欲”的观念残忍地夺走了一条鲜活的青春生命！作为旁观者，你只能眼睁睁地看着她消失，消失在一个深不见底的黑洞中，无能为力。书生柳梦梅由岭南启程，一路风尘，跋山涉水，染病在身。路经临川时，仿佛冥冥之中安排，他住进了牡丹亭畔的梅花观养病。一日，柳梦梅漫步闲庭，湖山石畔、大梅树边，一切都那么熟悉而又那么陌生，他似乎又回到了遥远的梦境。只是为何不见那个美丽少女的芳踪？惆怅之间，他在太湖石下拾得画卷一幅，原来是一位姑娘的自画像！柳梦梅不禁大喜过望，回到观中，反复欣赏，爱不释手，初以为是观音，又以为是天上嫦娥，再看又似梦中之女，大叹神奇，遂焚香拜画，声声叫唤，希望天从人愿。《拾画》一折重在表现柳梦梅的痴情与他内心的跌宕，这一出，汤显祖花了大量的笔墨进行了唯美的描述，再加上演员细腻的身段和唱腔表演，一个重情重爱的翩翩少年从梦中走出，高度契合杜丽娘臆想的帅气温柔、体贴入微的书生形象。《拾画》是一出典型的小生独角戏，唱做并重是这出戏的最大特点，大量唯美的唱段也是昆曲巾生的必学，尤其是【颜子乐】一段，委婉动听，演员运用身段及扇子，为观众营造出太湖石、金鱼池、芍药栏等景物，将思绪又拉回《惊梦》的美好情节中。柳梦梅拾到画像，顶礼膜拜，声声叫唤。夜色溶溶中，那痴情而绵长的呼喊，终于唤来了杜丽娘的一缕香魂。少男少女，一见倾心，一双情人由梦中走向现实，实现了灵与肉的结合。于是人鬼之间，情真意切，乐而不疲。
此时，梦中情人近在眼前，美好的追求曙光初现，梦幻与现实、理想与追求完美重叠，现实中不可能实现的理想竟然成真！此出戏用虚实结合的手法表现重逢的惊喜和缠绵的情爱，情节离奇，曲折多变，极富浪漫主义色彩，为接下来的“重生”顺理成章地埋下了伏笔，又再一次呼应了汤显祖之“生而不可与死，死而不可复生者，皆非情之至也”的核心内涵。此出戏，唱腔极为优美，尤其是【金马乐】【双棹入江泛金风】两段唱词，极为缠绵，将少男少女的爱慕和情痴表现得丝丝入扣，进一步赋予了人物形象以鲜明的性格特征和深刻的文化内涵。放慢匆匆赶路的脚步，聆听落花的声音；听上这段经典昆曲名作的婉转唱词，体味古典戏剧的性感。坐下来品上一杯茶韵的悠长吧，在茶香和音律的醉迷过后，心灵重新启程。分享时间：10月16日周日晚19:00-21:00'The Peony Pavilion' is a masterpiece by Tang Xianzu,the greatest poet playwright of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).In an utterly refined poetic style, the play reveals romantic yearnings and afflictions of love endured by the young in the feudalistic society of China.Its central theme proclaims the significance of an ultimate triumph of 'love'over 'reason'.This daring and avant-garde subject,which is an outcry against the suppressive tradition,together with the moving poetics of the language,makes the poet's endorsement of freedom of love between the two young protagonists a lasting force in the history of Chinese literature and theater.In the early years of the Southern Sung dynasty (1127-1279),a beautiful young lady named Du Liniang,daughter of the Governor of Nanan,was strictly educated and could not step out of her chambers without her parents' permission.One day without her parents' knowledge Du went into the garden with her maid.Watching the splendor of the spring at its peak,she was overcome with deep feelings.In a drowsy trance,she dreamt that she had a secret rendezvous with a young scholar under a plum tree by the side of the Peony Pavilion.Ever since returning from the garden,she was haunted by memories of her dream lover and,after seeking the dream in vain,fell ill and soon died of a broken heart.After her death,Du's spirit kept searching for the young scholar.Her persistence won over the Judge of the Netherworld and she was allowed to be reincarnated.Three years later,a young scholar named Liu Mengmei stayed at the temple where Du was buried.He wandered in the garden and came across Du's portrait.The young lady in the portrait looked familiar and he could not help calling her.In response to his calling,the young lady came out of the picture.He fell in love with her even though he learnt that she was a ghost.On the following day,Liu dug up Du's grave and opened the coffin.Du came back to life and married Liu. However, her father Du Bao confirmly sees his daughter as an evil spirit and accuses Liu mengmei of robbing his daughter’ tomb. Du Liniang goes to the imperial to make an appeal. Liu mengmei succeeds in the government examination. At the imperial decree, Du Bao gives approval to his daughter’ marriage and the whole familygets reunited. Su Yuan (Sweeping the Garden)Du Liniang tells her maid servant to call in the gardener sweeping the petals off the garden paths.So she can take a walk in there.You Yuan (A Stroll in the Garden)Du Liniang,accompanied by her maidservant,enters the garden for the first time in her life.The spring flowers are in full bloom.The young lady is struck by the beauty of nature and suddenly feels the joys,as well as the painsof life.Jing Meng (An Interrupted Dream)Tired from the stroll in the garden,Liniang falls asleep in her chambers and dreams that she returns to the garden,encounters a young man under a plum tree and has an intimate moment with him.Awakened from the dream by her mother,Liniang feels that her real life is aimless and confined.Xun Meng (Dreamland Revisited)Liniang revisits the garden where she dreamed of passions.Haunted by the sweet memories of the dream,she longs to meet in real life the charming young man.Realizing,however,the impossibility of another encounter with him,she sinks into despair.When leaving the garden,Liniang foresees her own tragic ending:to die soon of this affliction of love.Seeking her dream in vain,Liniang falls ill and dies in autumn.Before her death,Liniang asks her maid to place her self-portrait in a box and hide it underneath a rock.She also asks her mother to bury her under the plum tree in the garden.After death,Liniang's ghost keeps on her pursuit of love.Shi Hua (Finding a Portrait)One spring,Liu Mengmei,a sensitive and lovelorn young scholar on his way to the capital for an imperial examination,falls ill and finds his pied-a-terre at Mei Hua Guan (Apricot Blossom Taoist Temple).After a few days of recumbency and medication he feels better,but much weakened physically and listless spiritually.In his attempt to buoy up his spirit,he decides to take a stroll in a locally garden.The garden,it turns out,once part of a grand estate,is nothing now but a waste land of weeds and wild bushes.The ruined garden has increased his nameless melancholy.While staggering along and lamenting the desolate sight,he comes across a portrait half hidden under a rock.Upon further examining he becomes certain that it is a portrait of Guan Yin,the Goddess of Mercy; for the beauty of the lady in the portrait is such that he has not seen or imagined possible before.In his current state of mind,Liu thinks it wise to take home with him the portrait,in hope that the lady in the portrait -- should she indeed be the Goddess of Mercy -- would bestow upon him some spiritual solace and mental peace.He somberly promises the lady in the portrait love and respect before he takes leave of the garden carrying the portrait.Jiao Hua (Calling to the Portrait)Mengmei figures out that the portrait is a lady's travel log.The poem on the portrait reminds him that in last spring he had a dream.Dreamt that he was in a very large garden and there was a beautiful girl standing under the plum tree.It is the lady in the portrait.After composing a poem to her,Mengmei hangs the portrait on the wall and calls to her.You Hui (A Romantic Encounter)Liu hangs Du's portrait on the wall and calls to her.Du's ghost,wandering in the garden,hears him.She comes to his room,sees the portrait,and decides to meet him.Not knowing that she is a ghost,Liu is surprised by such a visit from a beauty and falls in love with her.The two have a very passionate night.Du comes to meet Liu every night.Liu does not realize that he is in love with a ghost until the moment he proposes marriage.It is at that time that Du tells the truth.She also tells Liu that they can no longer see each other unless Liu takes some actions to bring her back to life.Huan Hun (Returning to Life)Following Du's instructions,Liu digs up Du's grave in the garden.Du comes back to life when Liu opens her coffin.The above English is taken from BaiduYou are cordially invited to join the Peony Pavillon Lecture and Performance starting at 7pm, October 16, at Salating TeaHouse, Gāodé Zhìdì Square, No. 16, Zhūjiāng East Road, Tiānhé, Guǎngzhōu, China.(珠江新城高德置地广场撒拉亭茶馆).
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