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友情提醒：操作恰当了，在家教育在学习、工作、服务中取得平衡，会带来低压力、低成本、高成就和良好的社交能力。这点，几乎没有什么课程能够做到。 教育更多的应该是有乐趣的：轻松、有治疗作用、不贵、低压而且成功，就像爱迪生、林肯和基督。
在家上学之莫尔准则-TheMoore Formula The Moore Formula
How to teach with low stress, low cost, high success and behavior?
原文地址：http://www./article.php?id=5
转自在家上学联盟 公益翻译 由晴耕雨读网友翻译。 莫尔准则
教育如何压力小，成本低，成就高，回应好？
REALITY
If you doubt student or teacher burnout or your own ability, join in any Moore seminar or read TheSuccessful Homeschool Family Handbook, (The Handbook). It's not mostly fromintellectual or spiritual problems, as some suggest, but from wrong habit ormethod. We help you avoid or cure fear, frustration, boredom, stress, pain,despair, heavy expense. Teaching should be mostly fun: relaxing, healing, inexpensive,low-stress yet successful like Tom Edison, Abe Lincoln and Christ.
现实:
若你怀疑学生或老师是否倦怠，或怀疑自己的能力，可参加任一个莫尔讨论会或者阅读《成功家庭教育的家庭指南》（以下简称《指南》）。这倦怠并非如某些人所说是由于智力或精神问题，而是由于坏习惯或错误的方法。我们可助你避免或治疗恐惧、挫败、厌倦、紧张、痛苦、绝望和繁重的费用。教育更多的应该是有乐趣的：轻松、有治疗作用、不贵、低压而且成功，就像爱迪生、林肯和基督。
A BETTER WAY
After 55 years of teaching teachers and students, and managing education at alllevels, we give you here and in The Handbook secrets of all the ages to avoidor cure burnout and failure, to bring success beyond normal hopes. To ourknowledge, we have no failures! Even drill can be fun. Allow for individualdifferences, follow the principled and balanced Moore Formula, and your normalchildren will excel in head, hand, heart, and health, proven as it is byhistory, research and common sense.
更好的路：
历经55年对老师和学生的教学及对各年级教育的管理，我们可在此和《指南》中告诉你一些关于各个年龄的秘诀，去避免和治疗倦怠与失败，并带来超出常规期望的成功。据我们所知，我们从无失败，就连训练也可以有趣。考虑个体差异，遵循有原则的、平衡的莫尔准则，你的平常孩子会在头、手、心和健康方面表现卓越，这已得到历史、研究和常识的证实。
THE FORMULA
1) Study from a few minutes to several hours a day, depending on the child'smaturity.
2) Manual work at least as much as study.
3) Home and/or community service an hour or so a day. Focus on kids' interestsand needs; be an example in consistency, curiosity, and patience. Live withthem! Worry less about tests; we'll help you there. With the Moore Formula, ifyou are loving and can read, write, count, and speak clearly, you are a masterteacher.
准则：
1）根据孩子的成熟程度，每天学习时间从几分钟到几小时不等。
2）手工工作时间至少跟学习时间一样多。
3）每天至少一小时的家庭或社区服务。集中于孩子的兴趣和需求，在一致性、好奇心和耐心方面要竖立榜样。与他们一起经历。为测验发的愁可以少一点，我们会帮你。有了莫尔准则，只要你热爱并能够阅读、写作、计算和清楚的讲话，你就是高级教师。
STUDY
Moores'free-exploring curricula are largely self-teaching: Math-It, Winston Grammar,etc. Use fewer workbooks and textbooks. Generally parents are the best teachersfor their children. The Smithsonian Institution's study of twenty world-classgeniuses stressed three factors: 1) warm, loving, educationally responsiveparents and other adults; 2) scant association outside the family, and 3) agreat deal of creative freedom under parental guidance to explore their ideas,drilling as necessary. These ingredients for genius are a mixture of head,hand, heart, and health. Mixed in with balance, and your sound example, theybring out great characters and personalities. So we encourage you to unite 1)study, 2) work (and entrepreneurship) with 3) home and community service.
学习：
莫尔的自由探索课程主要是自学：数学、Winston语法等。使用更少的练习薄和教科书。父母通常是各自孩子最好的老师。史密森学会关于20个世界级天才的研究强调三个要素：1）温暖、爱、对教育敏感的父母和其他成人；2）有选择的家庭以外的社团；3）家长指导下的自由度高创造，必要的训练，以探索他们的思想。这些天才的要素是头、手、心和健康的整合，并结合平衡，以及作为可靠榜样的你。他们带来伟大的品质和人格。因此我们鼓励你将1学习、2活动（并倡导）和3家庭与社区服务三者联合。
HOW TO BEGIN
First, don't subject your children to formal, scheduled study before age 8 to10 or 12, whether they can read or not. To any who differ, as their evidencelet them read Better Late Than Early (BLTE) or School Can Wait (SCW). Inaddition to our basic research at Stanford and the University of ColoradoMedical School, we analyzed over 8000 studies of children's senses, brain,cognition, socialization, etc., and are certain that no replicable evidenceexists for rushing children into formal study at home or school before 8 or10.
如何开始
首先，在8至10或12岁之前别让你的孩子屈从于正式，有计划的学习，无论他们能否阅读。若谁有异议，请让他们参考Better Let Than Early《迟比早好》或School Can Wait《学习可以等》。此外，在斯坦福大学和科罗拉多医学院的基础研究中，我们分析了八千多个孩子的感觉、大脑、认知、社交等，可以确定的是，没有重复出现的证据表明需要匆促的让孩子在8或10岁前就在学校或家里开始正式学习。
Read and sing and play with your children from birth. Read to them severaltimes a day, and they will learn to read in their own time-as early as 3 or 4,but usually later, some as late as 14. Late readers are no more likely to beretarded or disabled than early ones. They often become the best readers ofall-with undamaged vision and acute hearing, more adult-like reasoning(cognition) levels, mature brain structure and less blocking of creativeinterests. Yet late readers are often falsely thought to be in need of remedialhelp. If you have any doubts about your youngster, have specialists check visionand hearing; possibly see a neurologist. If there are no problems, relax.
从初生就跟你的孩子一起读、唱并且玩。每天给他们读几次，他们自己会学习阅读——早至3到4岁，但通常更晚，有的迟至14岁。开始晚的比较不容易出现阅读障碍。尽管常被误认为需要补救性的帮助，他们却往往表现卓越——视力好、听觉敏锐、接近成人认知水平、大脑发育成熟兼创造性更强。如果你担心你的孩子，可请专家检查其视力和听力，甚至可找神经学家。如果这些都没问题，那么放松即可。
If your children are early readers, 15 or 20 minutes at a time is enough forchildren under ages 8 to 10. They can use a kitchen timer. Then take an hour ortwo for distant vision play. They can first use crayons or chalk on large paperor blackboards before developing finer muscle coordination required for pencilsor detailed drawing or sewing. More on this in BLTE, SCW, and Home Grown Kids(HGK). For ultimate assurance you may want to enroll in the Moore Academy-alow-stress, low-cost, high achievement program that leads homeschoolingeverywhere. The program for high school students provides them with atranscript and/or diploma if desired.
如果你的孩子开始得比较早，8至10岁以下的每次15或20分钟就足够了，可以让他们用厨房定时器，然后进行一两个小时视线远的游戏。使用铅笔、细致的绘图或缝纫需要良好的肌肉协调性，在其发展好之前，一开始可以用蜡笔在大张纸上或粉笔在黑板上进行。关于这个，请见《迟比早好》、《学习可以等》和《在家成长的孩子们》。为确保最终效果，你或者想参加莫尔学院——一个低压力、低成本、高产出，在各地引领着在家上学的培训。高中生参加莫尔学院，如有需要可获成绩单及/或文凭。
When your children seem ready, play oral games with phonics, numbers, etc., butauthorities from Columbiato Cal-Berkeley say avoid study pressures until they are at least 8 to 12. Atthat time a few minutes a day may be all that is necessary for the drill orpractice in basics they need. Just as important-or more so-is to identify theirinterests such as bugs, gardening, cooking or baking, astronomy, cars, sewing,cottage industries, economics, history or politics.
当你的孩子看上去准备好了，就可以跟他们玩拼音、数字等的口头游戏。不过哥伦比亚大学和卡尔伯克利学院的专家说了，至少等到8到12岁，之前都要避免给他们学习压力。此时，每天几分钟时间的基础训练是必要的。同样重要或说更重要的还是发掘兴趣，比如昆虫、园艺、烹饪、烘焙、天文、汽车、缝纫、建筑、经济、历史或政治。
Whatever their interests, open the door wide to knowledge. Don't give themmostly textbooks/workbooks nor try to keep ahead of them; let them do originalreading along the lines of their interests and watch them grow! A child'smotivation is more educationally productive than the most skilled teaching. Andlet them sample old standardized tests or manuals to lose fear oftesting.
无论他们兴趣何在，请敞开知识的大门。不要让课本和练习本占据他们的生活，也不要试图超前。放手让他们就着他们的兴趣做原始积累的阅读并静观他们的成长就好。即便最高超的教学，也不如孩子自发的原动力能让他学得多。让他们参照旧时的测验或指南可免于对测验的恐惧。
Instead of toys, give them tools (kitchen, shop, yard or desk), encyclopedias,magazines; use libraries, etc. Don't be shocked at their interests, even ifthey are guns or motorcycles! From these they can learn chemistry and physics(internal combustion motors), economics, math, history, geography, languages,cultures and manual skills (at local repair shops or in home businesses). Girlsare usually a year or so ahead of boys, at least until late teens.
不是给他们玩具，而是给他们工具（厨房的、商店的、院子的或课桌上的）、百科全书、杂志，使用图书馆等等。即使他们喜欢枪炮或摩托车，也不必为之震惊。他们能从中学到化学、物理（内燃机）、经济、数学、历史、地理、语言、文化和手工技巧（在当地维修店或家庭事务中）。至少直到青少年末期，女孩通常会领先男孩一年左右。
The 'antennae' sprouting from the brains of most students are blockedby mass-education's cookie-cutter substitutes for life that destroy creativity.Kids come out uniform-sized cookies, or sausages. Better to learn historyrealistically by reading biographies rather than textbooks. Let creativeinterests expand to other learning. As they mature, they teach themselves,learn at their own initiative-as few now do!
大多数学生头脑中萌发的“触角”都被大规模教育阻碍了，这种教育用切饼干工具代替生活，毁坏了创造力，孩子们成为尺寸一样的饼干或者香肠。实际地学历史可读列传而非教科书。让创造的兴趣延伸到其他的学习。随着他们的成熟，他们可以凭着自主性自学，有少数人现在就是这样。
WORK
Constructive, skill-building, entrepreneurial work builds children'sself-confidence, creativity, and self-control, and does it more quickly. It isthe most dramatic and consistent cure for behavior and personality problems. Ifyou give children authority to manage your home to the extent that they canaccept responsibility, they mature rapidly and naturally. Make them officers inyour home industries. There is no more certain key to happy home education-orother schooling-regardless of institutional level. We've seen no one fail,rebel, or burn out.
工作
建设性的、有创造技巧的、企业性的工作可发展孩子的自信、创造力和自制力，并让工作完成得更快。这是对行为问题和个性问题最富戏剧性和持续性的治疗。如果你放手让孩子在他们的能力范围内打理你的家，他们能迅速而自然的成长起来。在你的家庭事业中，让他们做领导。无论机构等级高低，要成就家庭教育或其他的学校教育，这是最关键的。我们从未见过谁不合格、背叛或倦怠。
Begin small. Start your children to work when they start to walk. Add freedom asthey accept responsibility. No cash allowances! Let them earn their way,helping you make or grow and sell cookies, muffins, bread, wooden toys,vegetables, or service lawns, baby-sit, etc. By 6 or 8, many can runbusinesses. See Minding Your Own Business (MYOB) for more than 400 cottageindustries. Do comparison shopping: apples/oranges, Grape nuts/Sugar Pops, etc.(nutrition, frugality, and math lessons). Let your kids use your checkingaccount to pay your bills. The bank corrects their 'math papers.'
从小开始。孩子们开始走路时就可开始工作。给他们与责任相符的自由。不要奖励现金，他们自己会从劳动中有所收获。他们可帮忙制作、种植或出售，曲奇、薄饼、面包、木制玩具、蔬菜或者修剪草坪，照顾宝宝等等。很多宝宝到了6至8岁就能做生意了。参见《照管你的生意》，里面有400多个家庭手工业的例子。做对比式采购：苹果或桔子，提子麦粉或甜爆米花，等等（此法可学营养、节俭、数学等知识）。让孩子们用你的支票为你买单，银行会更正他们的“数学试卷”。
SERVICE
This begins at home and neighborhood with daily/weekly visits to needyneighbors, nursing homes, pediatric wards or other community or personalservice. It makes self-centered kids self-less and moderates any tendency theirbusinesses bring toward materialism. Family, community and church providefruitful ways of building great-hearted children. Some schools now use serviceas a wholesome activity. Children with bouquets of wild flowers or crayondrawings are usually welcomed in nursing homes even when they are too young tobe allowed to visit in pediatric wards.
服务：
此项始于家庭或邻里。每天或每周拜访贫困邻居、养老院、儿科病房或者其他社区或个人的服务。这样可以让自我中心的孩子不那么自我并减轻生意带来的物质化。在家里、社区和教堂里有很多办法可培养出充满活力的孩子。现在也有学校把服务当成一项健康的活动。即使孩子太小，不可以去儿科病房，养老院也很欢迎带着野花或者蜡笔画去的他们。
This is the Golden Rule in practice. Our children once had a secret society('SOS'-for Service Over Self) that specialized in secret good deedsfor the aged, poor, sick, or handicapped-like washing or repairing a car,chair, or washing machine, or painting fences, shoveling snow, or weedinggardens. Great fun!
下面是实践中的原则。一旦我们的孩子有了秘密社团（SOS，即超越自我的服务），致力于私下帮助年老、贫困、生病或残疾的人做事，如洗或者修车、椅子、洗衣机，漆篱笆、铲雪或者给花园锄草。这就是极大的乐趣。
Some ask why more families don't follow this Formula. Most parents areuncomfortable with the unconventional ideas. They teach as they were taught,unaware that such methods are responsible for many of today's school problems.So they pay heavily for books which tie them, and their children down and burnthem out. To them, we as professionals say, 'It took us awhile to believetoo.' Certified teachers often have the hardest times. Moore students average near the top instudent achievement, sociability, and behavior and at low stress and cost.Carefully read The Handbook and view the professional HGK video, read MYOB,then Home Made Health, Home Built Discipline and BLTE. You will have bothsecurity and joy!
有人问为什么更多家庭没有遵循这一准则。大多数父母不喜欢非常规的观念。他们按照自己所接受的教育来教孩子，却不知正是那些方法导致如今繁多的学校问题。如此，他们为书本支付高额费用，并与孩子一道为之束缚，为之心力交瘁。对他们，我们可以专业的说：“我们也花了一些时间才接受的。”持证教师通常最难接受。摩尔学生的平均水平是领先的，比如这些方面：学生学业、社交能力、行为表现、低压力和低成本。细读《指南》，看看专业的《在家成长的孩子们》录像，读读《照管你的生意》，以及《家庭打造健康》、《家庭建立纪律》和《迟比早好》，你就可以安心而欣喜。
GENTLE WARNING: Properly done, home education offers low-stress, low-cost, andhigh achievement and sociability from a balance of study, work, and service.Few curricula do this!
Insist on proven research and experience. Patiently study methods and materialsbefore you send your check or credit card number to anyone. Question closelyall testers, lecturers, and entrepreneurs. Insist they prove their quality.Homeschool leaders like those in pro-life and anti-porn fall into two groups:1) Selfless laymen and professionals and officials who sacrifice money and timeto elevate homeschooling to new heights; and 2) A few lacking professionalbackground or ethics, or both, who urge stressful, costly school-at-homematerials, programs, or services on unwary parents who then burn out and cometo loathe homeschool. Some fought homeschooling until the 1980's. Some authors,editors, and speakers know little of research, and persuasively misuseScripture to convey an image of a bigoted Christ to secular friends. They arehomeschools' most divisive influence. For your sake and for your friends' sake,study to know the difference.
友情提醒：操作恰当了，家庭教育在学习、工作、服务中取得平衡，会带来低压力、低成本、高成就和良好的社交能力。这点，几乎没有什么课程能够做到。
对已经证实的研究和经验要坚持。出示支票或信用卡给任何人之前都要耐心研究一下方法和资料。严密询问所有测试人员、教师和办学人。坚持令其证实其品质。如同那些反堕胎，反色情的一样，在家教育的领袖分为两类：1）无私的外行、职业人员和行政人员，提供资金和时间使在家教育达到新高度；2）一些缺乏专业背景，缺乏道德的人，向粗枝大叶的父母力荐令人紧张的、昂贵的在家教育的资料、课程或服务，于是家长筋疲力尽，于是对在家教育产生厌恶。直到20世纪80年代仍有人反对在家教育。有的作家、编辑、演说家未经调查，即用他们良好的说服力向大众传播误解的圣经和偏执的基督形象。他们对家庭学校造成了两极的影响。为了你自己，也为了你的朋友，好好地学习、了解一下其中的差异吧。
STUDY (Daily)
Warm responsive parents who know their children's interests. Drill to developtheir phonics, writing, and math when the children are ready in senses, brain,and reasoning. More association with you than with peers.
Encourage them to freely explore their ideas with few restrictions by workbooksand school methods, reaching out as interests expand.
学习（日常的）
积极回应的父母知道孩子的兴趣所在。孩子们在感官、大脑和理性方面准备好了，就可以训练他们的拼读、写作和数学。要更多的跟你一起进行而非同龄人。
鼓励他们自由探索他们的思想，不要被课本和学校的方法所限制，兴趣有多大就走多远。
WORK (Daily)
Children combine household chores (from the time they learn to walk) with homeindustries in which they share management. They learn math, etc. by earningmoney and accounting for it.
They also become well and positively socialized as they buy and sell. And theybuild character as they work and serve.
工作（日常的）
从学步时开始，孩子们在共同管理中是把家务事和家庭工业看成一回事的。他们挣钱和报账能学到数学等知识，还能在买卖中逐渐适应社会，在工作和服务中构建品格。
SERVICE
(On a regular basis at variable times)
Service begins at home and in the neighborhood, with daily or weekly visits tonursing homes, pediatric wards or other ventures in community or personalservice.
服务（不同时候固定一个大致的规则）
服务始于家庭和邻里，每天或每周拜访养老院、儿科病房或其它为社区或个人服务的尝试。
NOTE: The time you devote to study, work, or service should depend upon children'smaturity and interests. Teens are easiest of all with Moores' Formula.
注：投入学习、工作或服务的时间应取决于孩子的成熟程度和兴趣。青少年最适宜摩尔准则。
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