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玺印的收藏与著录 宋代金石学以古器物与传世古文为研究对象，其动因来自于追寻失落与淡忘的文化传统。北宋崇宁，大观年间（1102-1110年），专以古玺印为辑录对象的著作开始出现。杨克一的《印格》成书以后，先后又有宣和内府辑本《宣和印谱》、王厚之《汉晋印章图谱》等谱录，成为宋代古玺印收藏与著录风气形成的标志。现存王俅《啸堂集古录》南宋淳熙三年（1176年）前刻本，将37方玺印与商周铜器铭文合辑于一书，明确地表明当时金石学的边界。收藏玺印已成为宋代内府和士家好古、复古思潮下的一项文化活动。 The subjects of Song Dynasty epigraphy were bronze and stone antiquities and ancient texts that still survived. It was a discipline driven by the search for cultural traditions that had been lost or forgotten. The studies started with collecting bronze ritual vessels and inscriptions and compiling books to record these findings. In the early 12th century, books dedicated to the recording of ancient seals started to emerge. After the publishing of the book Seal Forms, several more seal imprint books followed, for example, A Seal Imprint Collection of Xuan He and A Collection of Imprints of Seals from the Han and Jin Dynasties compiled by Wang Houzhi. These books signaled the incipient Song Dynasty trend of ancient seal collection and imprint compilations. The block-printed edition of Collection of Ancient Seals of Xiao Studio compiled by Wang Qiu dated before 1176 has imprints of 37 seals, together with Shang and Zhou bronze inscriptions. This book clearly marked out the boundaries of epigraphy at the time. The great enthusiasm of the Song imperial court and intelligentsia for the style of the past became a widespread popular trend, of which the cultural activity seal collection became apart. 宋，王俅《啸堂集古录》卷首及内页 Front and inside pages of Collection of Ancient Seals of Xiao Studio by Wang Qiu. Song Dynasty 古玺印在宋代之前已引起文人士大夫的收藏兴趣。古玺印的收藏活动在元代逐渐铺衍。赵孟頫的《印史》、吾衍的《古印式》、吴睿增补《汉晋印章图谱》成《吴孟思印谱》、叶森的《汉唐篆刻图书韵释》、申屠致远的《集古印章》、朱圭的《印文集考》等谱录的接续出现，是宋元文人印风的滋长与当时古印收藏研究互为推进的表现。此期文人赵孟頫、吾衍等人发表的印学见解，包括提出“复古”、“学古”的主张，都与古玺印的收藏和研究存在密切关系。 Even before the Song Dynasty, ancient seals triggered the collection interests of scholars and senior officials. The collection of ancient seals gradually became popular in the Yuan Dynasty. The development of literati seal styles and the collection and study of ancient seals had a mutually promoting effect, as is evidenced in the stream of seal imprint publications. Among these were：the History of Seals by Zhao Mengfu; Ancient Seal Styles by Wu Yan; A Seal Imprint Collection of Wu Mengsi compiled and supplemented by Wu Rui on the basis of A Collection of Imprints of Seals from the Han and Jin Dynasties; Rhymed Interpretations of Zhuan Style Seals of the Han and Tang Dynasties by Ye Sen; A Collection of Ancient Seals by Shentu Zhiyuan; and The Study of Collected Seal Imprints by Zhu Gui. The opinions on seal study published by intellectuals such as Zhao Mengfu and Wu Yan at this time, including the notions of restoring and learning from ancient styles, were all highly relevant to the colleciotn and study of ancient seals. 明清时期的玺印收藏群体进一步扩大，到清末达到空前的规模。明上海顾从德（1519-1587年）家三世搜集古印，至隆庆六年（1572年）前以家藏并益以有朋处借的的部分，共古玉印150余方、铜印1600余方辑拓《集古印谱》二十部，不久即为人竞相购去，四年后再以木板翻刻印行。 The number of people engaged in seal collecting grew even further in the Ming and Qing dynasties and the reached an all-time peak at the end of the Qing. For three generations, the family of Gu Congde(1519-1587) in Ming Dynasty Shanghai engaged in the collection of ancient sels. In 1572, he made 20 copies of A Collection of Ancient Seals based on his own family collection and some borrowed from friends. It included imprints of over 150 ancient jade seals and over 1600 bronze seals. Within no time, every copy had been sold. For four years later, Gu had the book published in a block-printed version. 明，顾氏《集古印谱》刻本书影及内页，上海博物馆藏 Pages from the block-printed edition of A Collection of Ancient Seal Imprints by Gu Congde. Ming Dynasty. Shanghai Museum 明代文人对古印的收藏和著录，主旨在于：一，观赏或借鉴文字、形制。二，考经证史。明翰林待制王沂序《杨氏印谱》云：藉古印可“稽时世先后，书制度形象，考前代官制，辨古文籀篆、分隶之同异，又何其精博也。”指出古印的学术意义。 Ming Dynasty literati had two purposes in collecting ancient seals and publishing imprint collections. One was to appreciate and learn from the calligraphic styles and forms of these ancient seals, since they regarded the zhuan script of the ancient seals classic and wonderful. The other was to find evidence for the study of Chinese classics and history. The literati considered ancient seals to have important academic value for the study of historical facts and official position systems and also for the study of Chinese characters. Such admiring, learning from and studying ancient things promoted the collection of ancient seals and production of imprint compilations. 本文节选自孙慰祖：《中国印章-历史与艺术》，外文出版社，2010年 Sun Weizu: The History and Art of Chinese Seals, Foreign Languages Press, 2010 责任编辑：朱小雨，戴梦岚 您的转发和点赞是对我们工作最大的鼓励！ |
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