LESSON THIRTEEN
THE FOOTPRINT
One day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. He was terrified at the sight. He looked round, but could see nobody. He listened, but could hear nothing. There were no other marks. Who had made the footprint? Was there someone else on this lonely island? Was it a savage? Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.
He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. For some days he stayed in his cave, behind his wall. He was afraid to go out, even for food.
But no savages came; and after a time he began to go out again. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. This made Crusoe very sad. He now felt even more lonely without his friend, the dog.
He often thought about the footmark. Perhaps he had made it himself? He decided to go back and look again. The footprint was still there. He tried his foot in it, but it was much larger than his own. So there must be someone else on the island. Full of fear again, Crusoe returned home.
He built another fence round his cave. Now he made holes in the wall and placed his guns in them, pointing outwards.
But he still did not feel safe enough. He decided to look for another cave, where he could hide if savages came.
He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high, with a narrow entrance. He stepped into the cave. Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. Was it a man, or a wild animal? He hurried out into the daylight.
Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. He stepped back into the cave, holding the stick high above his head. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. He stopped. Nothing happened. He went farther into the cave.
On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die. It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness. As he looked at it, the goat rolled over and died.
Crusoe looked about the cave. The ground and the sides were quite dry. Inside, the top of the cave was nearly twenty feet high. It was a good hiding-place.
Crusoe had eleven guns altogether. He brought five of them to his new cave and a great deal of gun-powder. The cave was quite dark inside, so he made some candles to give light.
Now he had a safe place if the savages came. Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch. And so the months and years went by.
It was autumn, the time for Crusoe to gather his small harvest of corn. Early one morning, before starting work, he climbed up to his lookout.
There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire. Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island. They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire. Crusoe watched, full of fear.
As soon as the savages had gone, Crusoe returned home for two guns. Then he made his way down to the shore. He looked out to sea. The two canoes were almost out of sight.
He went towards the fire, which was still smoking. Among the ashes he found bones. They were not the bones of an animal, but of a human being!
Crusoe knew that the savages killed their enemies and ate them. He made up his mind to shoot them if they came again. But many months went by and no one visited the island.
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
Footprint n. 脚印，足迹
Boat n. 小船；艇；小轮船
Crusoe克鲁索（姓）
Mark n. 痕迹；记号；商标
terrify vt. 使恐怖；恐吓
lonely adj. 孤独的；荒凉的
island n. 岛；岛状物
savage n. 野人；残酷的人 adj.野蛮的； 残酷的
stare vi & vt. 盯，凝视Stare at 盯着看
from time to time不时地
cave n. 洞，穴；岩洞
after a time过了一段时间
footmark n. 脚印，足迹
fence n. 篱笆；栅栏
outward(s) adv. 向外
safe adj. 安全的；平安的
rock n. 岩石；大石头
narrow adj. 狭窄的
step vi. & vt. 走，举步行走n. 脚步；步骤
glare vi. 闪耀；瞪眼 n. 眩目的光；瞪眼 glare at向人瞪眼；怒目注视
dark adj. 黑暗的darkness n.黑暗
daylight n.日光；白天；黎明
stick n. 小树枝；棒；棍；（手）杖
roll vi. 打滚；滚动roll over 翻滚
about prep. 在……周围；在……的各处adv. 周围；到处
hiding-place n. 躲藏处；储藏处
altogether adv. 完全；总共；总而言之
powder n. 粉；粉末 gun-powder n. 火药
candle n. 蜡烛
gather vt. 聚焦；采集；收（庄稼等）
lookout n. 守望，警戒；瞭望台
shore n. 岸；滨
canoe n. 独木桥
make one’s way排除困难前进
out of sight 看不见
ash n. 灰;（常用复数）灰烬，灰堆
bone n. 骨；骨头
human being人
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. 这篇课文是从英国小说家丹尼尔.笛福（Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731）著的《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）的一个简写本中选取一段。这本书叙述鲁滨逊.克鲁索在船遇风暴触礁沉没，漂流到一个孤岛，在那里独自生活多年的故事。
2. The sands 沙漠
3. He was terrified at the sight. 看到这个他吓坏了。Seeing是动名词，作介词at的宾语。
4. Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. 克鲁索盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。形容词短语full of fear作状语，修饰stared。
5. He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. 他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。
looking behind是现在分词短语，作状语，修饰hurried。as he went是时间状语从句，修饰looking。behind是副词，“向后”的意思，也修饰looking。
6. He tried his foot in it, … 他把自己的脚放进脚印里试一试，……
7. Now he made holes in the wall and placed his guns in them, pointing outwards. 接着他就在墙上凿些洞，把枪管放在里面，枪口朝外。
现在分词短语pointing outwards作定语，修饰guns。
8. He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high, with a narrow entrance. 他在岩石里找了一个好地方，十二英尺多高，有一个狭小的入口。
短语more than twelve feet high和with a narrow entrance都作定语，修饰place。
介词with在这里是“具有”、“带有”的意思。又如：China is a very large country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的大国。
There is a wall around the house with a gate in it. 屋子周围有一堵墙，墙上有一座大门。
9. Early one morning, before starting work, he climbed up to his lookout. 一天清早，在开始干活之前，他爬上了他的瞭望台。
10. They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire. 他们好象在吃刚刚在火上烤过的什么东西。
they had cooked on the fire是定语从句，前面省略了关系代词that，修饰something。
11. Then he made his way down to the shore. 然后他走向岸边。
make one’s way 有‘排除困难前进’之意。又如：
He made his way out when the film ended. 电影结束时，他挤了出来。
12. They were not the bones of an animal, but of a human being! 它们（指骨头）不是动物的骨头，而是人的骨头！
注意not … but … 的对等用法，表示“不（是）……而（是）……”。又如：
It is not mine, but his. 这不是我的，而是他的。
Liu Ying was not there, but her sister was. 刘英不在那里，而她妹妹在。
but of a human being = but the bones of a human being
GRAMMAR
分词（一）
The Participle （Ⅰ）
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以有宾语或状语。分词和宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。
Ⅰ. 现在分词（The Present Participle）
现在分词由动词原形加词尾 -ing构成。现在分词有一般式和完成式，及物动词的现在分词有主动语态和被动语态。其形式如下：
现在分词 | 及物动词write | 不及物动词 go |
主动语态 | 被动语态 | 主动语态 |
一般式 | writing | being written | going |
完成式 | having written | having been written | having gone |
1. 现在分词的主动语态 分为一般式和完成式两种。现在分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行，而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。
1）He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
2）Having finished their work, they had a rest.
2. 现在分词的被动语态 也分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经完成了。
1）The large building being built (=which is being built) down the street will be a hospital.
2）Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library.
3. 现在分词的用法
（1） 作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语，则放在名词的后面，它的功用相当于定语从句。
1）Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick
2）The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.
3）There were a lot of boys in the field playing football.
（2） 作表语
1）The story sounds interesting.
2）The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.
（3） 作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, get, keep等。
1）We heard her singing in her room.
2）We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
注：1：上述句子也可以变为被动形式。如：Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.
2：复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了，指事物的拿过程；分词则表示动作正在进行。
1）I saw her come in. 我看见她进来了。（说明进来了这件事）
2）I saw her coming in. 我看见好走进来。（说明她进来时的情景）
（4） 作状语
1）She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. （伴随情况或方式）
2）Being ill (As he was ill), he went home.（原因）
3）One day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. （时间）
EXERCISES
Ⅰ. Answer the following questions:
1. Which book is this text taken from?
2. What did Crusoe see in the sand one day? How did he feel when he saw it ? Why?
3. How did Crusoe make sure whether the footprint was his own or not?
4. What did he do to make his cave safer after he found someone else had been on the island?
5. Did he feel safe enough now? What did he decide to do then?
6. Tell what happened one day when Crusoe stepped into a cave in the rocks.
1) What did he see in the cave?
2) Was he frightened? What did he do then?
3) What did he hear when he stepped back into the cave with a burning stick?
4) What did he see lying on the ground?
5) Whose eyes was it that he had seen in the darkness?
6) Did Crusoe think the cave was a good hiding place? Why?
7) How did Crusoe make the cave safe for himself?
7. Retell what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.
1) What did Crusoe see from his lookout?
2) How did the savages come to and go away from the island?
3) What did Crusoe make up his mind to do if the savages came again? Why?
Ⅱ. Retell the text in your own words by using the following key phrase:
One day Robinson Crusoe …
1. Saw the mark of a man’s foot
2. Stayed in his cave
3. Felt very lonely
4. Decided to go back
5. Looked for a better hiding place
6. Saw two eyes
7. Stepped back into the cave
8. Saw nine savages
9. Found the bones of a human being
10. Made up his mind
Ⅲ. For each word or phrase in Column A find a word or phrase of similar meaning in Column B:
A B
1. Footprint 1. Free from danger
2. Boat 2. With no or very little light
3. Be terrified 3. Bring together
4. Stare 4. The covering of a building
5. Safe 5. Footmark
6. Dark 6. Be filled with great fear
7. Roof 7. A small ship
8. Gather 8. Look at somebody or something with wide-open eyes for a long time
Ⅳ. Translate the following into English:
A. With for phrases:
1. 克鲁索回山洞去取两支枪。
2. 他连出去找食物都害怕。
3. 詹妮上学常迟到。
4. 我不想在此长期逗留
5. 他没钱买书。
6. 他定制了一套晚礼服和一套便服。
7. 我们应该互相关心，互相帮助。
8. 她是前天离开这里去济南的。
B. With no, no other, nothing, or nobody:
1. 那里一个人也没有。
2. 墙上没有洞。
3. 报上没有什么有趣的新闻。
4. ——她给了你什么？
——她什么也没有给我。
5. 假如你没有事干，帮我收玉米。
6. 你不在家时，没有人来过。
7. 没有别的人能做那件工作。
8. 只有23路公共汽车经过这条街。这里再没有别的公共汽车了。
C. With seem, seem to, or seem that:
1. 上尉好象认识他所有的士兵。
2. 好象就要举行游行大典了。
3. 她好象吓坏了。
4. 好象没有人知道他发生了什么事。
5. 听到这个消息，他似乎很失望。
6. 他的结论似乎很合情理。
Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences after the model:
Model: He had seen the goat’s eyes in the darkness.→ It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness.
1. Li Hai wanted to borrow the hammer.
2. The savages killed their enemies and ate them.
3. John Baird （贝尔德）found a way to send pictures by wireless in the year 1925.
4. The Emperor liked new clothes better than anything else.
5. Galileo tried his experiment in falling objects from the top of the leaning tower in Pisa.
Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese, then tell the function of each present participle:
1. 1）the working people 2）an exciting story 3）living things 4）the rising sun 5）smiling faces
6）disappointing news 7）a south-facing window 8）the rolling stones 9）a flying kite 10）the coming week
2. Who is the man wandering up and down the road?
3. When you hang wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam rising from them.
4. Having heard this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.
5. Not knowing much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up that expression.
6. He saw people coming and going.
7. While walking along the shore, she met a friend of hers.
8. They kept me waiting for a long time.
9. Turning to the left, he suddenly found the tailor’s shop he was looking for.
10. They went out of the hall, talking and laughing.
Ⅶ. Rewrite the following sentences, using present participles:
1. Most of the assistants who are working in this shop are young people.
2. Wei Fang sat at the desk and wrote an article in English.
3. The girl who is working at the loom is my sister.
4. As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.
5. The sun shines brightly in the sky and gives us light and heat.
6. The ladies who are measuring the cloth are weavers.
7. When he heard this he got terrified.
8. After she lit a candle she went out.
9. Because he did not know how to dye the silk red, he went to her for help.
10. While she was wandering through the street, the old woman met a PLA man.
Ⅷ. Read the following passage, then translate the first four paragraphs into Chinese:
MAKING A BOAT
One day Crusoe decided to go to the lifeboat. He wanted to try to float it, so that he could leave the island. But the boat was too heavy to move. So he left it lying in the sand.
But he did not give up hope. He thought, “I will make a boat.”
He searched and found a tree with a thick trunk. He set to work chopping it down.
Crusoe worked on the boat for many weeks and at last the boat was finished. He was very proud of it.
His next work was to roll the boat down to sea. But it would not move. It was too heavy for him.
Then he thought to himself, “If my boat will not go to the sea, I will have to bring the sea to my boat.”
So he began to dig a channel down to the sea. But it was much too far and he could not dig the channel deep enough.
He realized that he had made his boat much too large and too heavy. All his work was wasted. He felt unhappy.
But he still wanted to get away from the island. He decided to make another boat, this time a smaller one.
He chose a tree nearer to the sea, and chopped it down. Then he set to work for the second time. After many weeks the boat was finished and ready to go into the water.
He dug a short channel six feet wide and four feet deep, from the sea to his boat. When the tide came in he floated it down his channel.
Float vt. & vi.（使）漂浮 chop vt. & vi.砍，伐 proud adj.骄傲的；自豪的 channel n.水道，沟渠tide n.潮；潮水
LESSON FOURTEEN
WATCHING ANTS
If you go into the fields and turn over a few big stones, you may uncover a city of ant “people”. You will see the workers, who gather food for themselves and for all the others. You will see the nurses, who care for the baby ants. And you will see some of the babies too.
While ants grow, they change their form three times. They start as tiny white eggs, and when these hatch, out come little fat white worms. These worms then weave silk cocoons around themselves, inside which they change from fat worms to ants. When the time comes, the cocoons are torn open by the ant nurses, and the new ants their tender legs and bodies are very gently helped out. You may see some of these new ants, still very pale in colour.
A lucky visitor to the ant city may see the queen. She is much larger than the others and her hind half is very big because it is full of eggs. Laying eggs is her full-time job. She may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. The nurses keep her very clean, washing her with their tongues. From the outside, the workers bring her food. As the mother of many children, she is respected and taken good care of.
Not all the ants go out for food. Some have extra powerful jaws. These act as guards and soldiers in time of trouble. Some workers keep the tunnels and rooms clean. All rubbish is carried out.
Ants are fond of sweet food. They often milk little bugs called ant cows. You can see ant cows on the leaves and flowers of many plants. These cow bugs drink much more sap than they can use. It passes right through their bodies, only getting a little thicker and sweeter. The ant knows how to milk them. It strikes a cow bug’s back with its forelegs and feelers. The cow bug seems to enjoy this, and presently a tiny drop of honeydew milk appears. The ant laps it up and goes to the next cow bug for more.
The ant is not gathering this food for itself alone. It has two stomachs in its body, one for itself and one for carrying food to “the folks back home”. When it returns, a nurse ant which has been busy indoors all day is sure to ask for honeydew. The two ants place their mouths together. The one which has the honeydew brings up a drop from its public stomach and passes it into the nurse ant’s mouth; later, the nurse will give some of her drop to the babies, or to the queen. This is how the whole city is fed.
When one ant wants food from another, it taps on the other’s head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code. They “talk” a great deal by this means. If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled by this “tap-talking” with the feelers.
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
uncover vt. & vi. 揭开……的盖子；移去……的覆盖物
tiny adj. 极小的；微小的
tear (tore, torn) vt. 扯开，撕裂be torn open被撕开
tender adj. 嫩的；脆弱的；幼弱的
gently adv.温柔地；柔和地；轻轻地
help out 帮助克服困难；帮助从……里面出来
pale adj. 苍白的，灰白的，淡的
lucky adj. 幸运的，侥幸的
visitor n. 访问者；参观者
hind adj. 后面的，后部的；在后的
lay (laid, laid) vt. 放，搁；下（蛋），产（卵）
full-time adj. 全部工作时间的；专职的
tens of thousands 好几万
tongue n. 舌头；语言；口语
respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重
extra adv. 特别地，非常adj. 额外的，特别的
powerful adj. 有力的；强大的
jaw n. 颚，下巴，颏；（pl.）嘴巴
act as 担任；充当
tunnel n. 坑道；地道；隧道
fond adj. 喜爱的；爱好的be fond of 喜欢；爱好
sweet adj. 甜的
milk vt. & vi. 挤奶；出奶；抽取（树等的）乳液n.（植物、果实的）乳液，乳状物
bug n. 臭虫；（美）虫子
ant cow 蚜虫，蚁牛
sap n. 树液
strike (struck, struck或stricken) vt. & vi. 打；击
foreleg n.（动物的）前腿
feeler n. 触角
presently adv. 一会儿，不久
honeydew n. 甘汁；蜜露honeydew milk（蚜虫分泌的）蜜乳液
lap vt. 舔食（液质食物）n.舔
stomach n.胃；腹部
folk n.人们；（口语）家属，亲属
indoors adv.在屋里；进入室内
tap n., vi. & vt. （连续）轻拍，轻敲；叩击tap-talking敲打的谈话方式
means n. 方法，手段by this means通过这种方式
settle vt. 安排；解决vi.安家；停留
NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. If you go into the fields and turn over a few big stones, you may uncover a city of ant “people”. 如果你到田野里去翻开几块大石头，你可能会揭开一个蚁“民”的城市。
a city of ant “people” 蚁“民”的城市（蚁城）
本课课文“观蚁”是科学小品文。作者为了形象化，将蚁窝称为“蚁城”（a city of ant “people”），将窝里的蚂蚁称作蚁“民”（ant “people”）。此外，专管寻食的称为“工蚁”（the workers或worker ants），专管保育幼蚁的称为“保育蚁”（nurses或nurse ants），还有蚁城的统治者称为“蚁后”或“蚁王”（the queen）。
2. When the time comes, the cocoons are torn open by the ant nurses, and the new ants with their tender legs and bodies are very gently helped out. 到了时候，保育蚁把茧撕开，然后轻轻地把那些腿脚和身体都很娇嫩的新生蚁从茧中抱出来。
3. Laying eggs is her full-time job. 产卵是她的专职工作。
laying eggs是动名词短语，在句中作主语。
4. These act as guards and soldiers in time of trouble. 这些蚂蚁在出了乱子的时候，就充当警卫和士兵。
act as 是“担任”、“充当”的意思。又如：He acts as leader of the group. 他担任小组领导人。
5. “the folks back home” “在家里的人（们）”
the folks指在蚁窝里不出来采食的蚂蚁。
back在这里是副词，“在后面”的意思。
back home是定语，修饰folks。
6. The one which has the honeydew brings up a drop from its public stomach and passes it into the nurse ant’s mouth … 带有蜜露的那只蚂蚁就从公胃里吐出一滴，送进保育蚁的嘴里……
bring up 在这里是“吐出”的意思。
7. They “talk” a great deal by this means. 它们用这种方法进行大量的“交谈”。
means 这个词形式上是复数，但常用作单数。又如：The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的旅行方式是乘坐飞机。
GRAMMAR
Ⅱ. 过去分词（The Past Participle）
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾 –ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。
过去分词用法如下：
1. 作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面；如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面。
1） A broken cup is lying on the ground.
2） This is one of the factories built in the 1960s.
2. 作表语
1）The cup is broken.
2）He was terrified at seeing this.
3. 作宾语补足语
1）He’s going to have his hair cut.
2）I must get my bike repaired.
3）If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled among the ants by this tap-talking with the feelers.
4. 作状语
1）The trainer（训练者）appeared, followed by six little dogs.
2）Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
3）Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
Ⅲ. 分词的否定形式（由not + 分词构成）
1）Not knowing how to do it, he asked me for help.
2）Not having received an answer, I wrote again.
Ⅳ. 现在分词与过去分词的区别
1. 语态上不同：现在分词表示主动，而及物动词的过去分词则表示被动。
1）Who is the girl speaking to our English teacher?
What is the language spoken in Australia?
2）I saw her opening the door.
I saw the door opened.
2. 动词在进行中或已完成的不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
1）the changing world
the changed world
2）the rising sun
the risen sun
EXERCISES
Ⅰ. Answer the following questions:
1. How can you find an ant city?
2. What will you see in such a city?
3. How do ants change their form while they grow?
4. Which is the most important ant in an ant city?
5. Some ants do not go out for food. What do they do?
6. What is an ant cow? Is it really a cow?
7. Where do ant cows live?
8. How does the ant get milk from an ant cow?
9. How is the whole ant city fed?
1）Does the ant gather food for itself alone?
How is the ant able to keep food for others?
2）Who do the nurse ants get food from? And how?
3）Who do the baby ants and the queen get food from? And how?
10. How do ants ‘talk’ when they want to settle problems among themselves?
Ⅱ. For each word in Column A find a word or phrase of similar meaning in Column B:
A B
1. tiny 1. In a few minutes; soon
2. visitor 2. In a house or building
3. hind 3. People
4. lay (eggs) 4. Very small
5. powerful 5. At the back
6. presently 6. Strong
7. folk(s) 7.（of birds）produce eggs
8. indoors 8. Person who makes a visit
Ⅲ. Rewrite the following sentences using the words or phrases you have learned in the text to replace the italicized parts:
1. Laying eggs is what the ant queen does all day.
2. Girls like raising silkworms.
3. They promised that they would help each other when they had trouble.
4. It’s snowing. We’ll have to have our P. E. lesson in the building.
5. When one ant wants something, it taps on the other’s head with its feelers. Ants “talk” a lot in this way.
6. The gentlemen invited will be here soon.
Ⅳ. Put the following into Chinese, then tell the function of each past participle:
1. 1）a dried up river
2）a broken piece of glass
3）the changed conditions
4）the excited children
5）spoken English
6）written exercises
7）a lost child
8）fallen leaves
2. Led by the Party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly.
3. These are the bricks made by their factory.
4. The young woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.
5. Inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder and gathered in all the wheat just before the heavy rain.
6. I had all the sensors repaired yesterday.
7. Given more time, we could do it much better.
8. Some of the land became covered with water.
9. He likes to read books written by Lu Xun.
10. The maps stolen by the captain were found hidden in a book.
Ⅴ. Complete the following sentences, using participles:
1. The professor （给我们讲话的）is from Beijing University.
2. The object （放在盒里的）is a fan （羽毛做的）.
3. （听到这个消息）, they jumped up and down with great joy.
4. Did you watch Xiao Liu （挤牛奶）this morning?
5. If （加热）to a high temperature, water will change to vapour.
6. Charlie is going to have （补裤子）
7. （喂完了鸡）, the girls went out to play.
8. The visitor came in, （后面跟着一群年轻人）.
9. This is the bridge （几百年前造的）.
10. The child came to his mother, （跑着跳着）.
Ⅵ. Translate the following into English:
1. 请把蜡烛递给我。（to pass）
2. 我们走过好几个村庄才到达那个工厂。（to pass through）
3. 当两只蚂蚁把嘴对在一起时，工蚁就从公胃里吐出一滴蜜露，送进保育蚁的嘴里。（to pass … into…）
4. 谁照管这些儿童？（to care for）
5. 农夫一边挤牛奶一边吹口哨。（to milk）
6. 爸爸在睡觉，让孩子们保持安静。（keep … quiet）
7. 这家旅馆里的房间一直保持干净。（to keep clean）
8. 这个问题史密斯先生来后才解决。（to settle the problem）
Ⅶ. Read the following passage, then translate the last three paragraphs into Chinese:
GOOD “NEIGHBORS”
There is a family of ants that lives below a tree in front of our house, but I don’t know when they got there.
They work hard all day long repairing and cleaning their nest and looking for food. There’s not a lazy one among them. They are very friendly toward one another and greet each other with their feelers when they meet. I like them very much and go to see them every day.
One day I went to see the ants just before a big rain. They were busy carrying earth in their mouths to stop up the entrance of the nest. Just then the rain came pouring down. I ran back into the house. As I watched from the window I thought, “What a pity, the ants will surely be drowned.”
As soon as the rain stopped I went out to see the ants. They were alive and as happy as ever. The mud at the entrance to the nest had kept the rain out and they were already busy moving it away.
It was late. The people who had been outside enjoying the cool air had already gone home. I thought that the ants would be tired from their day-long work and would go to bed too. But when I shined my flashlight on their nest, they were still working silently. What good, hard-working neighbors they are!
Nest n.巢；窠 lazy adj.懒惰的 greet vt.问候 pour down（大雨）倾盆而下 pity n.遗憾 drown vt.&vi.淹死 alive adj.活着的 mud n.软湿的泥土 flashlight n.手电筒
REVISION Ⅲ
Ⅰ. Put the following into English:
1.不时地 2.在视线之外 3.随着……的发展 4.若干，许多 5.穿着破衣服 6.相反地 7.几小时以内
8.用手 9.名胜 10.并肩 11.战国时期 12.公元前二百年 13.唐朝 14.生活条件 15.一张百万英镑的钞票 16.某人的一辈子 17.各种 18.喷气式飞机 19.似乎 20.警报
Ⅱ. Translate the following into Chinese and tell what part of speech each italicized word is:
1. After being on the seas for several weeks, the two men landed on a small island covered with wild banana trees.
2. What kind of animals can live both on land and in water?
3. He lit a candle. Holding it he went into the cave.
4. The moon has no light of its own. Its “light” comes from the sun.
5. Soldiers used to keep watch in the watchtowers.
6. Thinking that the man was a thief, the boy watched him closely.
7. As soon as he stepped into the room, all the people stood up.
8. He didn’t dare to go a step further.
9. You shouldn’t throw waste paper everywhere.
10. It’s a waste of time to talk with him.
11. I was just wondering how to do it when you came.
12. Do you know the seven wonders of the world?
13. I haven’t anychange on me.
14. Why do you think we can’t change your note?
15. We’ll make a suit for you to your own measure.
16. The tailor measured him carefully.
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks, using phrase with none, no or not all:
1. （他们中没有一个人）knew how to read and write in the old days.
2. （没有一只工蚁）can have children.
3. （没有一个人）was killed in that battle
4. She made （不作回答）
5. （我们都不）likes the film.
6. （不是所有的学生）go in for table tennis.
7. （所有的电话机都不）is working.
8. （不是所有的食物）is good to eat.
Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese, paying attention to the use of make and give:
1. The Red Army made Jinggangshan the base for the revolution.
2. Farmers use fertilizer to make their crops grow better.
3. The death of Abraham Lincoln made the American Negroes sad.
4. His new job made it necessary for him to improve his spoken English.
5. She said goodbye to me and made her way down to the main road.
6. They’ve made up their minds to set up a college in the town.
7. Great progress has been made in the development of education in China.
8. None of the suits fitted him. He had to have one made to his measure.
9. The rotten tomatoes gave off a bad smell.
10. Professor Shu often gives me advice on how to learn English idioms
11. After we sat down, my father gave orders for food and drink.
12. The doctor doesn’t want to give her up.
Ⅴ. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the proper tense and voice:
1. The computer (repair) now.
2. Liquids (can, change) into gasses.
3. A new oil field (open up)
4. She often (see) wiping the blackboard.
5. Much (do) to stop pollution and conditions (improve) a lot.
6. Many new ways (find) to make waste water clean.
7. Yesterday we visited the restaurant which just (open).
8. This picture (show) at the exhibition soon.
9. When wet things (put up) near a fire, steam (can, soon, see) rising from them.
10. It (say) that China (produce) 19,100,000 mire bicycles in 1983 than in 1978.
11. It (know) to all that the first modern computer (appear) about 40 years ago.
12. I (tell) that the sports meet (hold) next Sunday.
Ⅵ. Fill in each blank with a proper self – pronoun:
1. Mathilde enjoyed very much at the party.
2. She made all the clothes .
3. You both look very pleased with .
4. Be careful or you might fall and hurt .
5. I don’t think you’ll be able to dye the threads by .
6. They made a fence around the house.
7. At the beginning of the match, he was quite sure of .
8. Those Italians can’t express in Chinese.
9. That book is Mr. Scott’s. He bought it .
10. We’re old enough to take care of .
11. We ought to do it all by .
12. The monkey hurt on the broken glass.
13. This door opened by .
14. The work is worth doing.
15. Neighbour: Good morning, Betty. Is your mother at home?
Betty: I’m afraid she isn’t, Mrs. Bird. She’s in hospital. She fell off her bike yesterday and hurt rather badly.
Neighbour: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. She really ought to be more careful of .
Who’s going to do the housework? Will you have any help?
Betty: No, my brother and I will have to do it all .
Neighbour: Can’t you get your aunt to do the cooking for you?
Betty: No, I would rather do it .
Neighbour: Are you going to do your brother’s washing as well?
Betty: No, he can wash his clothes . He’s already thirteen,
you know. Boys of his age must learn how to do things .
Neighbour: Well, you must come to lunch tomorrow. I’m inviting my sister’s two sons as well.
So I’m sure you’ll enjoy .
Ⅶ. Fill in the blanks with modal verbs, then ask 5 questions on the passage:
A library is a collection of books. If you have fifty or sixty books at home, this be your library.
A library also be a building where there is a large collection of books. There are libraries for grown-ups（成年人）and libraries for children where you borrow books to read. You , of course, take them back to the library after you have read them.
For each book you borrow, you hand in a library card. A book be kept only for 14 days. It be returned by the end of two weeks. If you haven’t finished reading it, you go to the library to renew it.
Most libraries have reading-rooms. In the reading-room there are tables at which you sit and read. Reading-rooms usually have different newspapers and magazines which be read there, but not be taken out of the rooms.
You take good care of books. They never be touched by dirty hands. They be put back in their places or returned to the library after being read.
Ⅷ. Read the following passage and point out the participles in it:
KING SOLOMON AND THE WOMEN
Thousands of years ago, there was a very wise king called Solomon. He was a king of the Jews. We find many stories about him in the Bible. Here is one of them showing how wise he was.
Once there were two women living in the same house, and they each had a baby. One night, one of the babies died, and its mother took the other woman’s child, and put it in her own bed instead.
The next morning they had a quarrel.
“No, this is my child. The dead one is yours,” said one.
“No, the dead one is yours. This child is mine,” said the other.
Each one wanted the living baby, but no one could tell to whom it belonged. So they went to see King Solomon.
Hearing their story, King Solomon said, “Bring me a knife. Cut the child in two, and give each woman one half.”
“That’s quite fair, oh wise King!” said the dead baby’s mother.
“Give her my child. Let it be hers, but don’t kill the child, oh King!” cried the other woman in tears.
Then, pointing to the woman in tears, King Solomon said, “Give the child to her, for she is the mother.”
Jew n.犹太人 the Bible n.基督教《圣经》 belong to vi.属于
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