【mongo手册:https://docs./manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/】
Java代码 
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一、准备工作:
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运行yum命令查看MongoDB的包信息 [root@vm ~]# yum info mongo-10gen
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(提示没有相关匹配的信息,)
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说明你的centos系统中的yum源不包含MongoDB的相关资源,所以要在使用yum命令安装MongoDB前需要增加yum源,也就是在 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录中增加 *.repo yum源配置文件,以下分别是针对centos 64位和32位不同的系统的MongoDB yum 源配置内容:
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我们这里就将该文件命名为:/etc/yum.repos.d/10gen.repo
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For 64-bit yum源配置:
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vi /etc/yum.repos.d/10gen.repo
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[10gen]
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name=10gen Repository
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baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64
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gpgcheck=0
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For 32-bit yum源配置:
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vi /etc/yum.repos.d/10gen.repo
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[10gen]
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name=10gen Repository
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baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/i686
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gpgcheck=0
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根据自己的系统选择相应的配置内容
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查看系统是32位还是64位的方法:
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$ uname -a
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含有x86_64的那说明是64位的,例如我的centos6.0 64bit系统执行这个命令后显示:
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Linux vm.centos6 2.6.32-71.29.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jun 27 19:49:27 BST 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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做好yum源的配置后,如果配置正确执行下面的命令便可以查询MongoDB相关的信息:
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查看mongoDB的服务器包的信息
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[root@vm ~]# yum info mongo-10gen-server
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****(省略多行不重要的信息)*********
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Available Packages
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Name : mongo-10gen-server
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Arch : x86_64
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Version : 1.8.2
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Release : mongodb_1
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Size : 4.7 M
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Repo : 10gen
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Summary : mongo server, sharding server, and support scripts
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URL : http://www.mongodb.org
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License : AGPL 3.0
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Description: Mongo (from "huMONGOus") is a schema-free document-oriented
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: database.
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:
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: This package provides the mongo server software, mongo sharding
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: server softwware, default configuration files, and init.d scripts.
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[root@vm ~]#
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查看客户端工具的信息
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[root@vm ~]# yum info mongo-10gen
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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**(省略多行不重要的信息)**
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Installed Packages
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Name : mongo-10gen
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Arch : x86_64
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Version : 1.8.2
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Release : mongodb_1
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Size : 55 M
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Repo : 10gen
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Summary : mongo client shell and tools
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URL : http://www.mongodb.org
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License : AGPL 3.0
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Description: Mongo (from "huMONGOus") is a schema-free document-oriented
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: database. It features dynamic profileable queries, full indexing,
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: replication and fail-over support, efficient storage of large
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: binary data objects, and auto-sharding.
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:
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: This package provides the mongo shell, import/export tools, and
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: other client utilities.
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[root@vm ~]#
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二、安装MongoDB的服务器端和客户端工具
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1.安装服务器端:
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[root@vm ~]# yum install mongo-10gen-server
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[root@vm ~]# ls /usr/bin/mongo(tab键)
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mongo mongod mongodump mongoexport mongofiles mongoimport mongorestore mongos mongostat
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-----------------------------------------------
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这些就是MongoDB的程序文件
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因为mongo-10gen-server包依赖于mongo-10gen,所以安装了服务器后就不需要单独安装客户端工具包mongo-10gen了
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2.单独安装可客户端:
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[root@vm ~]# yum install mongo-10gen
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3.检查
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[root@vm ~]# /etc/init.d/mongod
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Usage: /etc/init.d/mongod {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload|condrestart}
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[root@vm ~]# /etc/init.d/mongod status
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mongod (pid 1341) is running...
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[root@vm ~]#
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说明安后服务器端已经在运行了
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4.服务器配置: /etc/mongod.conf
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[root@vm ~]# cat /etc/mongod.conf
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# mongo.conf
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#where to log
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logpath=/var/log/mongo/mongod.log
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logappend=true #以追加方式写入日志
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# fork and run in background
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fork = true
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#port = 27017 #端口
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dbpath=/var/lib/mongo #数据库文件保存位置
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# Enables periodic logging of CPU utilization and I/O wait
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#启用定期记录CPU利用率和 I/O 等待
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#cpu = true
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# Turn on/off security. Off is currently the default
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# 是否以安全认证方式运行,默认是不认证的非安全方式
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#noauth = true
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#auth = true
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# Verbose logging output.
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# 详细记录输出
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#verbose = true
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# Inspect all client data for validity on receipt (useful for
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# developing drivers)用于开发驱动程序时的检查客户端接收数据的有效性
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#objcheck = true
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# Enable db quota management 启用数据库配额管理,默认每个db可以有8个文件,可以用quotaFiles参数设置
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#quota = true
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# 设置oplog记录等级
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# Set oplogging level where n is
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# 0=off (default)
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# 1=W
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# 2=R
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# 3=both
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# 7=W+some reads
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#oplog = 0
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# Diagnostic/debugging option 动态调试项
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#nocursors = true
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# Ignore query hints 忽略查询提示
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#nohints = true
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# 禁用http界面,默认为localhost:28017
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# Disable the HTTP interface (Defaults to localhost:27018).这个端口号写的是错的
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#nohttpinterface = true
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# 关闭服务器端脚本,这将极大的限制功能
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# Turns off server-side scripting. This will result in greatly limited
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# functionality
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#noscripting = true
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# 关闭扫描表,任何查询将会是扫描失败
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# Turns off table scans. Any query that would do a table scan fails.
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#notablescan = true
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# 关闭数据文件预分配
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# Disable data file preallocation.
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#noprealloc = true
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# 为新数据库指定.ns文件的大小,单位:MB
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# Specify .ns file size for new databases.
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# nssize = <size>
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# Accout token for Mongo monitoring server.
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#mms-token = <token>
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# mongo监控服务器的名称
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# Server name for Mongo monitoring server.
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#mms-name = <server-name>
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# mongo监控服务器的ping 间隔
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# Ping interval for Mongo monitoring server.
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#mms-interval = <seconds>
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# Replication Options 复制选项
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# in replicated mongo databases, specify here whether this is a slave or master 在复制中,指定当前是从属关系
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#slave = true
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#source = master.example.com
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# Slave only: specify a single database to replicate
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#only = master.example.com
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# or
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#master = true
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#source = slave.example.com
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[root@vm ~]#
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以上是默认的配置文件中的一些参数,更多参数可以用 mongod -h 命令来查看
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[root@vm ~]# mongod -h
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Allowed options:
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General options:
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-h [ --help ] show this usage information
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--version show version information
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-f [ --config ] arg configuration file specifying additional options 指定启动配置文件路径
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-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
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verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
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--quiet quieter output
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--port arg specify port number 端口
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--bind_ip arg comma separated list of ip addresses to listen on -
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all local ips by default 绑定ip,可以多个
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--maxConns arg max number of simultaneous connections 最大并发连接数
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--logpath arg log file to send write to instead of stdout - has to
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be a file, not directory 日志文件路径
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--logappend append to logpath instead of over-writing 日志写入方式
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--pidfilepath arg full path to pidfile (if not set, no pidfile is
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created) pid文件路径
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--keyFile arg private key for cluster authentication (only for
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replica sets)集群认证私钥,仅适用于副本集
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--unixSocketPrefix arg alternative directory for UNIX domain sockets
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(defaults to /tmp)替代目录
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--fork fork server process
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--auth run with security 使用认证方式运行
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--cpu periodically show cpu and iowait utilization 定期显示的CPU和IO等待利用率
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--dbpath arg directory for datafiles 数据库文件路径
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--diaglog arg 0=off 1=W 2=R 3=both 7=W+some reads oplog记录等级
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--directoryperdb each database will be stored in a separate directory
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每个数据库存储到单独目录
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--journal enable journaling 记录日志,建议开启,在异常宕机时可以恢复一些数据
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--journalOptions arg journal diagnostic options
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--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
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--jsonp allow JSONP access via http (has security
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implications)允许JSONP通过http访问,该方式存在安全隐患
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--noauth run without security 不带安全认证的方式
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--nohttpinterface disable http interface 禁用http接口
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--noprealloc disable data file preallocation - will often hurt
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performance 禁用数据文件的预分配,往往会损害性能
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--noscripting disable scripting engine 禁用脚本引擎
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--notablescan do not allow table scans 不允许表扫描
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--nounixsocket disable listening on unix sockets禁止unix sockets监听
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--nssize arg (=16) .ns file size (in MB) for new databases 为新数据设置.ns文件的大小
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--objcheck inspect client data for validity on receipt 检查在收到客户端的数据的有效性
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--profile arg 0=off 1=slow, 2=all
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--quota limits each database to a certain number of files (8
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default)启用数据库配额管理,默认每个db可以有8个文件,可以用quotaFiles参数设置
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--quotaFiles arg number of files allower per db, requires --quota
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--rest turn on simple rest api 开启rest api
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--repair run repair on all dbs 修复所有数据库
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--repairpath arg root directory for repair files - defaults to dbpath修复文件的根目录,默
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认为dbpath指定的目录
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--slowms arg (=100) value of slow for profile and console log
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--smallfiles use a smaller default file size
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--syncdelay arg (=60) seconds between disk syncs (0=never, but not
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recommended)与硬盘同步数据的时间,默认60秒,0表示不同步到硬盘(不建议)
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--sysinfo print some diagnostic system information打印一些诊断系统信息
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--upgrade upgrade db if needed 如果必要,将数据库文件升级到新的格式
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(<=1.0到1.1+升级时所需的)
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Replication options: 复制选项
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--fastsync indicate that this instance is starting from a dbpath
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snapshot of the repl peer 从一个dbpath快照开始同步
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--autoresync automatically resync if slave data is stale 自动同步,如果从机的数据不是新的
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自动同步
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--oplogSize arg size limit (in MB) for op log oplog的大小
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Master/slave options: 主/从配置选项
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--master master mode 主模式
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--slave slave mode 从属模式
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--source arg when slave: specify master as <server:port>从属服务器上指定主服务器地址
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--only arg when slave: specify a single database to replicate从属服务器上指定要复制的
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数据库
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--slavedelay arg specify delay (in seconds) to be used when applying
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master ops to slave 指定从主服务器上同步数据的时间间隔 单位秒
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Replica set options: 副本集选项
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--replSet arg arg is <setname>[/<optionalseedhostlist>]
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参数:<名称>[<种子主机列表>]
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Sharding options: 分片设置选项
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--configsvr declare this is a config db of a cluster; default port
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27019; default dir /data/configdb 声明这是一个集群的配置数据库,
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默认的端口是27019 默认的路径是/data/configdb
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--shardsvr declare this is a shard db of a cluster; default port
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27018 声明这是集群的一个分片数据库,默认端口为27018
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--noMoveParanoia turn off paranoid saving of data for moveChunk. this
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is on by default for now, but default will switch
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关闭偏着保存大块数据。现在它是默认的,但是会变换
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[root@vm ~]#
卸载:
#yum -y remove mongo-10gen-server
6:启动MongoDB服务(以后有更新了,停掉mongodb,执行#yum update mongo-10gen mongo-10gen-server 即可)
#service mongod start
Unable to connect MongoDB, please check your configurations. MongoDB said:Failed to connect to: 127.0.0.1:27017: 由于目标计算机积极拒绝,无法连接查看MongoDB故障old lock file,terminating的解决
查看mongo日志文件得到祥细错误
exception in initAndListen: 12596 old lock file, terminating
引发原因:
关闭Mongodb前,未释放锁,导致重启时失败
解决方案:
删除data目录下的mongodb.lock文件,重启即可
注意事项:
用mongodump备份数据库时,不能使用fsync和锁,否则dump程序无法连接数据库
服务器,其他情况下使用fsync和锁,需要注意操作可能会执行较长时间
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