ProteinTests 表里相关的值，这里不再列表赘述。
7. Iron Tests（检查血中的铁）:
是测定血中铁的含量、血液运输铁的能力和铁的儲存量。用于各型贫血的鉴别诊断（如：缺铁性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、铁粒幼红细胞贫血和慢性溶血性贫血等）。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。
test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | | Serum iron | 血清铁（血液内游离的铁离子） | Male: 65-177 μg/dL;
Female: 50-170 μg/dL | Male: 11.6-31.7 ?mol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L | | TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity) | 血清总铁结合力/血清运铁容量 | 240--450 ?g/dL | 43.0--80.6 ?mol/L | | UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity) | 未饱和铁结合力 | The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC. | UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron | Transferrin saturation
(= Serum iron/ TIBC) | 运铁蛋白饱和度 | Male: 20-50%;
Female: 15-50% | | Serum Ferritin | 血清铁蛋白（血液内结合状态的铁，检查体内铁缺乏的最灵敏的指标） | Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mL | Males: 20--250 ?g/L;
Females: 12--250 ?g/L
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8. Lipid profile(Lipid panel)（血脂检查） ：
高血脂增加心血管疾病的风险。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。
test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | | Total cholesterol | 总胆固醇 | recommended <200 mg/dL;
moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL;
high risk >240 mg/dL. | <5.2 mmol/L;
5.2--6.2 mmol/L;
>6.24 mmol/L | High density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C)
(good cholesterol ) | 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
（好胆固醇） | major risk factor <40 mg/dL;
negative risk factor >59 mg/dL | x 0.026=mmol/L | Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C)
(bad cholesterol ) | 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
（坏胆固醇） | recommended <129 mg/dL;
moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL;
high risk >159 mg/dL. | x 0.026=mmol/L | | Triglycerides | 三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯 | recommended 30--149 mg/dL
(<160) | x 0.011=mmol/L |
9.Thyroid function test（甲状腺功能检查）:
test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | Interpretation | TSH
(Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin | 甲状腺刺激激素/促甲状腺素 | 0.4--6 mIU/L
0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 ) | 0.4--6 mIU/L
| <0.4(低) ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ;
>6(高) ---hypothyroidism(甲减).
Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0. | | T3 / Serum triiodothyronine | 血清三碘甲状腺素 | 80 to 220 ng/dL | 1.23--3.39 nmol/L | <80(低)---hypothyroidism(甲减);
>220(高)---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢) | | Total T4 / Serum thyroxine | 血清甲状腺素 | 4.5--12.5 ?g/dL
| 58.5--162.5 nmol/L | <4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when TSH is also elevated.
>12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢).
Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem. | | Free T4 / Free Thyroxine | 游离甲状腺 | 0.7 to 2.0
ng/dL | 9.0--25.8
pmol/L | <0.7 ---possible hypothyroidism(甲减)
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10.Clotting factor（凝血因子）：
test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Clinical significance | Prothrombin time | 凝血酶原时间 | 12–15 seconds | Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy. | INR
(international normalized ratio ) | 国际标准化比值 | 1.0
2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism;
2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves | INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy. | | Partial thromboplastin time (activated) | 活化部分凝血激酶时间 | 25--30 seconds | Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy. | | Thrombin time | 凝血酶时间 | 10--15 seconds | Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant. |
11.Cardiac marker（心脏病指标） :
虽然仍有医院、有医生在做CPK-MB test，但这里只介绍一个目前被认为是检测急性心肌梗塞（Acute Myocardial Infarction）最灵敏的检测法---Troponin test (Troponin I (肌钙蛋白I) onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days).
Troponin I Reference Range | Interpretation (判读) | 0.00--0.09 | Normal | 0.10--0.60 | Possible indication of myocardial damage, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required. | >0.60 | May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required. |
12.Cancer marker（癌症指标）:
这些指标不是诊断癌症的专属的、特异性指标，很多非肿瘤的、偶然的身体变化也可能使这些指标不正常，所以它们只能作为一种参考或评估治疗前后的参考值。请不要心慌，让自己的医生根据具体情况来判读结果。
test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Clinical significance | | AFP (Alpha fetoprotein) | 甲胎蛋白 | <10 ?g/L | Often elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers. | | CA 15-3 | CA 15-3 | <30 IU/L | Increased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast). | | CA 19-9 | CA 19-9 | <37 IU/L | Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test. | | CA125 | CA125 | <35 IU/L | Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis. | | Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | 癌胚抗原 | 0-2.5 ?g/L(nonsmoker);
0-5 ?g/L(smoker) | CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis. | | PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | 前列腺特异性抗原 | 0-4 ng/ml | PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer. |
* 本系列专为新移民而写。都是网友发QQH到我的信箱里常问的问题。因悄悄话的版面有限，把答复的内容写在自己的博客里，并公开贴在健康养生坛。到目前为止 已完成六篇。感谢网友、健康坛版主和网管大人的热心支持（只写了一部分时就被贴出），这是最后的完整版，介绍常见的12项检查内容。它是最费时费力的一篇 ---要制表，要核对数据和单位。无高深的医学知识，只是把它们归类整理出来，供参考之用。但请参照自己的检验报告里的正常范围，因为各实验室的检验方法 和仪器会有误差，而且需要医生结合你的情况来判读你的检验结果。千万不要只看到自己的某一项指标偏高或偏低就心慌了---单方面一个指标的不正常有时是没 有临床意义的。请咨询你的医生，由医生来下结论。
谢谢大家，特别是给我留QQH的网友的信任。下一篇的题目是：各种疼痛的英文表达（the 5th vital sign---pain)(也是一网友要求的。但最近较忙，尽量一星期后完成。）*
（转自: 文学城闽姑博客）
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