|
国际音标(1) |
|
|
PhoneticSymbols7短元音5长元音12单元音20元音48音标8双元音28辅音10对+8国际音标表单元音(12个 )短元音(7个)[i][?][?][u][?][e][?]长元音(5个)[i:][?:][?:][u:] [ɑ:]双元音(8个)[ei][ai][?i][au][?u][i?][??][u?]清浊成对的辅音清辅音(10个 )[p][t][k][f][θ][s][ts][tr][∫][t∫]浊辅音(10个)[b][d][g][ v][e][z][dz][dr][З][dЗ]其他辅音(8个)[m][n][?][h][l][r][j] [w]长元音[i:]发此音时,舌尖抵下齿。嘴唇向两边尽量拉开,成扁平形。且唇与舌应处于紧张状态。发音时间长。嘴唇向两边张 开成微笑状。ewe我们;scene景色eesee看见;tree树木;seem好像ea eat吃;meat肉ipolice警察;machine机器agreenjeep inthreeweeksweseeagreenjeeptakeaseat长元音[ɑ:]发此音时, 舌头放置于口腔底部,上下腭尽量分开,但不呈圆形,嘴唇呈自然形态。这个音与普通话中的“啊”相似,但发音时将口腔打开得更充分,发 音更靠后。发音时间长。aaskfatherglassarartcarf armhardalcalmhalfearheartauauntfather’s gardenaftertheparty长元音[?:]发此音时,舌后部抬起,舌尖处于自然状态。嘴唇收圆收小,并向前突出 。发音时间长。读音与普通话中的“哦”相似。orshortsporthorseourpour fouryouroordooralallcalltalkarwara udaughtertaughtawlawyoursmallballthe causeofthewarthelord’sdaughterwalkforward长元音[u:] 发此音时,双唇收紧,并向前突出。舌身后缩,舌后部抬起,舌尖离开下齿。发音时间长与普通话中的“乌”相似。oozoomoo ncooloshoewhoutruthewble wthrewueglueblueousoupuifruitanewschool;chooseagoo se;bluemoon长元音[?:]发此音时,舌平放与口中,舌后部稍抬高,舌尖处于自然状态。发音时间长。与普通 话中的“饿”发音相似。irbirdthirtyfirstorw ordworkercertainurturnnurseearlearnearly thefirstjourney;thirtyworkersThethirstynurseturnonthe girl’sradio.Thegirlgaveherapurse.短元音[i]发此音时,舌尖抵下齿,舌前 部抬高,较发[i:]时低。唇形扁平,最自然张开,通过喉咙发声,声音短促含糊。irichw ithyeasycityeprettyubusyayMonday Sunday短元音[]发此音时,舌中部稍抬高,舌尖及两侧触下齿,开口程度较大。嘴唇应处于紧张状态。发音短促。u sunbuscupootherloveworryouenoughoe doesoofloodsomemoney;afunnycouple;comeon短元音?[?] 发此音时,口张大,舌身位置较发长元音时低。嘴唇收圆,发音时间短。olongbody sorryawantwhatwashoucoughowknowledgeho tcoffee;gotajob;acollegehospital短元音[u]发此音时,舌身后缩 ,舌后部向软腭抬起,较发长元音时稍低。嘴唇收拢,较长元音时更小oobookwoodfooto womanuputfulloulcouldwould should短元音[?]发此音时,舌身平放,舌中部稍上抬。双唇放松,牙床半开。嘴稍微张开,通过喉咙发声,发音时间短, 在所有的元音中,它的发音最轻松。awomanCanadaagoedifference openstudenteranothermotherwaterorforget actoropolicetodayusuppose短元音[e]发此音时,舌尖抵下齿,舌 前部稍抬高,嘴唇稍向两侧拉开。发音时间短。elegentereahealthbr eakfastpleasureamanyanyiefriendgetready; televisionsetNedsaidheisthebest.短元音[?]发此音时 ,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬高,较发[e]音时低。嘴唇向两边拉开。发音时间短。abadandcatat fatbagDadhascarriedalotofapples.Ican’tgoba ckwithoutamap.双元音[ei]发此音时,口形由[e]向[i]滑动,下腭向上合拢,舌位随之抬高。嘴形较 扁。eieightatakeagecakeaimailaimay playdaymayeagreateytheygrey双元音[ai ]iicefinericeadviceymyflywhydry ighhighrightmyrighteyefineicecream双元音[oi]发此音时,从口腔 后部开始发音,舌位在口腔中间,口形圆变为扁平。oioilnoiseoyboytoyanois eboy;oysteroil;loudnoisetoavoidthechoiceThelittl eboyenjoyedhistoy.双元音[?u]发此音时,舌尖地处下齿,嘴唇逐渐收拢,并向前突出。oab oatcoatosonoowgrowanoldboat;goandop enthewindowaholeinthecoat双元音[au]由[a]向[u]滑动,双唇由张大逐 渐拢圆收小。ouhouseaboutmouseoutmou thsoundowdowncrowdshowerhownow floweraroundtheflowerhouseshouttothecowgodownthetown 双元音[i?]eartearclearhearneareerdeerbee rerehereneartherear(后面的)windowcheerup; aclearidea双元音[e?]airhairchairairpla nearecareshareeretherewhereear bearpearweareirtheirsharetheware ;comparetheirhair双元音[u?]oorpoorour tourureendurecuresureTocurethepoortou rist.清辅音,双唇爆破音[p]首先双唇紧闭,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。placeputpaperopen shipplaycomeinplease;poorpeople;ahelpf ulperson浊辅音,双唇爆破音[b]此音与清辅音[p]发音的口形相同,但发音时声带要震动。table labor(劳力)bigboatbuysob(哭泣)bookAbrisk(活泼的)Britishman ;bringablacktableajobontheweb清辅音,舌尖齿龈爆破音[t]首先舌尖紧贴上齿龈 ,憋住气流。然后舌尖突然下降,气流冲出口腔,声带不震动。tank(水箱)tietalktakeeatboatbutwhi tebuttertalkatmeeting;tellmethetime;ahotnigh t浊辅音,舌尖齿龈爆破音[d]此音口形与[t]相同,但声带震动发出爆破音。daddarkdrink roadhandbreaddayfoodhadadream;anoldd uck(鸭子);adirtydoll(洋娃娃)Mydadopensthedoor.Id idithard.清辅音[k]舌根紧贴软腭,形成阻碍,然后突然离开,气流冲出口腔,产生爆破音,声带不震动。kki ndkeepccupcatchckquickbackchachecookinthekitchen; takealook;acleanlake浊辅音[g]此音与[k]发音口形相同,但声带要震动。g goodgodgoatbeginangryskskygetthegold; adogasaguidebegintodigahole;growup清辅音,摩擦音[s ]软腭抬起,舌端靠近上齿龈,气流由舌端与齿龈逸出,形成摩擦,声带不震动,与中文“死”的读音相似。ss itseesavepasshorsechesscniceface Nicehorse;asoftvoice;thesamehouseShehasa lovelysmallhorse.浊辅音,摩擦音[z]发音口形与[s]相同,软腭抬起,堵住鼻腔的通道,舌端及舌尖靠 近上齿龈,但不接触,上下齿靠拢,但不要咬住,气流由舌端与上齿龈之间逸出,引起摩擦。zzerol azysbusyhasnewssenoseLazyboys; busyhands清辅音,齿唇摩擦音[f]上齿轻触下唇,气流从唇齿缝隙中通过,引起摩擦,声带不震动。ffaraway fixfirstoftenselfishghlaughphphotograghTheoffice stafflaughedatmyfather.ThoseflowerscomefromtheFrance.浊辅音 ,齿唇摩擦音[v]发音口腔与[f]相同,但声带震动。vveryviewvocationover nevereverlovemovehavecovertheleaves;av aluablevaseneverbelieve清辅音,齿唇摩擦音[θ]舌尖放在上下齿之间,气流由舌齿间的缝隙泄出形成摩 擦音,声带不震动。ththinkthingmouthhealththickandthin;thi nkofsomethingThethirddayofthismonthisaThursday.Wehave thoughtofeverything.浊辅音,齿唇摩擦音[e]发音口形与[θ]相同,但身带要震动。though thantheyotherbrotherfatherwithsmooththi sandthat;motherandfather清辅音,齿唇摩擦音[∫]上下齿靠拢,舌身紧靠上 腭,形成狭长通道,气流由通道通过,形成摩擦音,身带不震动。shshipshopwashEnglishtion objection(反对)nationgoshopping; washtheshoesshouldertoshoulderpushtheshipTheshops ellsthebestfashionofshirt.浊辅音,齿唇摩擦音[3]口形与[∫]相同,但身带震 动。sureleisure(闲暇)pleasuresiontelevisionexplosion(探险) 清辅音,破擦音[t∫]舌身紧贴上腭,舌尖舌端抬起贴住上龈后部,形成阻碍,然后气流冲出阻碍,发出摩擦的声音。chCh inesecheapchildtchwatchmuchwatchawitch;change thenature浊辅音,破擦音[d3]其发音口形与[t∫]相同,但要声带震动。gGeorg ebridgejjaw(下腭)jobjumpdgeknowledgechangetheobje ct;adangerbridge组合辅音[ts]与[dz]两者发音口形和[s]及[z]相同,舌 端紧抵上齿龈,气流从舌的两侧逸出。[ts]身带不震动,通过气息发音,而[dz]身带震动,通过喉咙发音.tscoats catsstudentsitsartsandcrafts;catsandgoatsdsfrie ndsreadshandscardsfindsaddsreadscards;findsfriends组合 辅音[tr]与[dr]两者发音口形相同,软腭抬起,舌身作[r]的姿势,但舌尖抵上齿龈后部,以形成阻碍。发音时,舌尖 以发[r]的动作解除阻碍,使爆破音[t]或[d]与[r]几乎同时发出。[tr]身带不震动,通过气息发音,而[dr]身带震动 ,通过喉咙发音.trtrusttreattreetrytraveltraincountrytreasure(宝藏 )drdrinkdreamdrivedrama(歌剧)addressdrawhundred浊辅音,鼻音 [m]发[m]闭唇不让声音的肺中气流从口中呼出,使得气流产生的振颤经由喉,口腔,及鼻,最后在鼻腔由于共振发生。发音是捏住鼻子可 以感受到振动。mothermeetmonthhomearmyformseemfarmSammake ssomemistakesinhishomework.Imethimatmyhome.浊辅音,鼻音[n ]舌尖贴住上齿龈,形成阻碍,气流从鼻腔发出身带震动。nnumbernightnorthendwhenfansoo nknknifeknowfindanursenicenight浊辅音,鼻音[?]用舌根和软腭堵住气流,使得气流 流进鼻腔,如发[n]和[m]一样。但在发[?]时口腔不发音。[?]可以看作是字母n加了一个尾巴。通常单词里“ng”发 这个音,但也有是字母“n”发这个音的,如Bank,links,trunk.nlanguagek ingngshoppingsingsingasong;ayoungersinger goingshopping.浊辅音[r]发音时,舌端由一个从前往后卷曲的过程,舌身成凹形,舌尖与上腭没有摩擦,气流由舌 面与硬腭间泄出,身带震动。roperightrainricerunroseragaredrosearealwr iteracrosstheriver舌侧音[l]发此音时舌端紧抵上齿龈,气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出。lacklak elikeleaveletterlesssaltelseuncleworld milkAtallboy;lovelyworldAsaltylakeamil kbottle半元音[w]发此音时双唇成发[u?]姿势,舌后部位想软腭抬起,声带振动。发音急促短暂,一经发出。立刻向后面 的元音滑动。whenwhywhitewifewashweatherswimtwelvequ eenwhitewallwhenandwhere半元音[j]发[j]舌面双唇呈发[I]的姿势,舌前部向硬腭抬起,双唇向 两边伸展成扁平型,声带振动,发音短暂急促,一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动。yearn(渴望)youyoungla wyer(律师)yard(院子)yellowyear清辅音[h]口稍微张开,向外呼气,气流不受阻碍,自由逸出口腔,声带 不振动,只是在通过声门时成轻微的摩擦;口型不定,随后面的元音而变化.发音时舌后部和软腭间不产生摩擦,即发成汉语“赫”字的声母。 hhandhatehelpwhwhosewhoWhosehandhappyhomeHeavyhammer辅音的浊化 :如果辅音[k][p][t][tr]前面有[s]这个音的时候,这几个音就会浊化,分别发[g][b][d][dr]音 .schoolscoreskipspendresponsesportSpanishstandstick stonestartstreetstrictstrike单词的拼读在音标中,一个辅音+一个元音为一个音节,单独一个元音也可以成为一个音节,如:单音节词:play,six,red,all双音节词:visit,open,listen多音节词:international,modernization,satisfy元音音节:eye,air,our,ear单词的重读规则:双音节词的重读:双音节词一般都是在第一个音节重读。例如:lettersorrypardonapplelaborstudyparentstoiletdaughter句子的重读:在句子中,一般情况下,名词、动词、形容词和副词需要重读,而冠词、连词、介词和人称代词等所谓的虚词,一般都不需要重读.如:Thereisnothingwecandonow.Nancyworksatabankintown.Ican’tfindmypassport.表示强调的时候虚词也可以重读如:Whocametoseemethismorning?Hesaidhemightbeabletocome.连读:在连贯的说话或朗读时,短语或句子中相邻的词如果前一个词的末尾是辅音,后一个词的词首是元音,就要连读.如:Takealookatit.I’llbebackinhalfanhour.Thankyou! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|