英语学霸养成记之倒装句大揭秘

倒装是语序所要研究的问题之一。语序指各种句子成分的排列顺序，在英语中由于表达的需要，将某些句子成分前置以示强调，但并不引起其他句子成分排列顺序的变化，这样的语言现象不属于高中阶段必须掌握的内容。

按照主语和谓语的排列顺序，英语中的语序可以分为自然语序和倒装语序两类。主语在前，谓语在后的排列顺序称为自然语序；谓语的一部分或者全部置于主语之前称为倒装语序。必须牢固树立的概念是，倒装仅限于主语和谓语之间顺序的变化。

倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装两类。

1.完全倒装

谓语的全部置于主语之前叫做完全倒装。下列情况应该适用完全倒装的语序。

① there be句型属完全倒装句型，be后面的名词是句子的主语。

There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.

② here, there 置于句首，且谓语为go, come等表示位置移动的动词。

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

③ 由介词短语引起的地点状语置于句首。

In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish just 5cm long.

In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.

④ 某些副词前置到句首。

The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.

Away flew the birds when the noise came.

⑤ then 置于句首，且谓语动词为come、follow 。

Then came a new difficulty.

Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.

2.部分倒装

谓语的一部分置于主语之前称为部分倒装。通常被置于主语之前的是系动词、助动词（含时态、语态助动词）、情态动词。部分倒装的语序实际上就是疑问句的语序。

下列情况要采用部分倒装的语序。

① 句首为否定的词语，如 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, nowhere, at no time, few, little, not等。

Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.

Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.

Not until he told me all about it did I realize that I had hurt him.

② only置于句首（修饰主语除外）。

Only yesterday did he find that his watch was lost.

Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation.

③ 使用so…that… 句型时，将 so+形容词（副词）部分移至句首。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

④ 表示前者的情况也同样适用于后者时，如果前者的情况是肯定的，则将so置于句首；如果前者的情况是否定的，则将nor或neither置于句首。不论肯定与否定，一律采用倒装语序。

I’m quite willing to help and so are the other students in our class.

= I’m quite willing to help and the other students in our class are willing to help, too.

--Tom didn’t agree to put off the meeting.

--Neither did I. = I didn’t , either.

⑤ 在虚拟条件句中，省略if后，条件句采用部分倒装，主句的语序不便。

Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.

= If I had been informed earlier, I could have done something.

【相关知识及运用】

倒装的知识没有难理解的问题，牢记这些语法规则并且能够在试题中熟练应用就完全达到要求了。但是，下列问题经常出现在试题中，应给予高度重视。

1. 在完全倒装一类中，要牢记“代词主语不倒装”。下列例句就不能采用完全倒装的语序，因为句子的主语是代词。

We all rushed out.

Here you are.

下列试题的意图便是考查这一知识点。

Out ______ , with a stick in his hand.

A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush

答案为C。

2. not…until句型和so…that句型都是主从复合句，由于将not until或so 前置到句首改用倒装语序时，要切记主句倒装，从句不倒装。

Not until he came back from Beijing did I know what had happened.

= I did not know what had happened until he came back from Beijing.

从以上两句的对比中我们可以看出，倒装时将主句中not和until引起的时间状语从句一起提到句首，但until引起的从句并没有倒装。主句的主语“I”前加did，这是部分倒装的要求。由此我们也可以看出，部分倒装实际就是一般疑问句的语序。

So strong was the wind that pilot couldn’t fly through it.

= The wind was so strong that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.

将so连同其所修饰的形容词或副词一同置于句首，然后将so所在的主句改为部分倒装的语序，that引导的状语从句没有任何变化，仍然保留在原来的位置上。

3. So 置于句首时也有采用自然语序的情况，这时表达的意思是“后者对前者的附和或赞同”。因此当so置于句首时应格外注意语序的倒装和不倒装的区别。

-- It is very hot today. (今天天气很热)

-- So was it yesterday. （昨天也很热。倒装语序----前者的情况也适用于后者）

-- It is very hot today. (今天天气很热)

-- So it is.（确实很热。自然语序----后者对前者的附和或赞同）

4. “前者的情况适用于后者”有时被引申或扩展成另一种情形。

After that we never saw her again, nor ______ her.

A. we heard from B. did we hear from

C. had you heard of D. you heard of

前者是“从来再没见到他”，后者是“也没有收到他的来信”，前、后只是在大的方面一致，细节并不一样。这时，不能采取简略的倒装形式nor did we，而必须将同前者不一样的词语全部表达出来。

答案为B。

5.下列试题的意图也是考查so置于句首时前者的情况同样适用于后者这一知识点。区别在于“前者的情况”有两个并列的谓语，而时态不同。遇到这种情况通常采用固定的句式“so it is with+后者”。

His mother is a teacher and has been teaching in a middle school for twenty years. ______ .

A. So is his father B. His father is too

C. So had his father D. So it is with his father

答案为D。

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