分享

GOOGLE地球浏览器分析(五):KML文件基本格式

 昵称42222216 2017-04-22

GOOGLE地球浏览器分析(五):KML文件基本格式

粟卫民http://www./ http://blog.csdn.net/suen/ 日期:2007-7-5

保留所有版权。如需转载,请联系作者,并在醒目位置注明出处

第三节我们介绍了KML文件的定义及其在GOOGLE地图浏览器中的地位,并给出了一个简单的样例文件。下面我们详细介绍KML文件的格式。

1 基本格式

基本格式的KML文件是指可以直接由Google Earth创建的KML文件,它包括地点标记、叠层、路线和多边形。下面分别介绍。

1.1 地点标记(Placemarks

上一节我们给出了一个地点标记(Placemarks)的示例。地点标记是Google Earth中最常用的地理特征,它使用一个黄色的图钉在地球表面标记一个位置。一个简单的地点标记的KML代码如下所示:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

<kml xmlns='http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1'>

  <Placemark>   

<name>Simple placemark</name>   

<description>Attached to the ground. Intelligently places itself

       at the height of the underlying terrain.

</description>   

<Point>     

<coordinates>-122.0822035425683,37.42228990140251,0</coordinates>   

</Point> 

</Placemark>

</kml>

它包括以下几个部分:

1XML头:<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

2KML命名空间定义:<kml xmlns='http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1'>

3)地点标记对象,包括:

名称(name):用于对地点标记进行注记;

描述(description):对地点标记进行描述,“气球(ballon)”中的显示内容;

点(Point):指定地点标记的位置。

1.2 使用HTML描述地点标记

有两种方式来使用HTML描述地点标记,一种是直接在<description><Snippet><BalloonStyle>中的<text>标记中写入标准HTTP超链接地址,如www.google.com,这样Google Earth 4.0及更高版本将利用Auto-Markup技术自动把它显示为超链接。另一种是使用CDATA元素在<description>标记中写入自己的HTML标记语言,如下所示:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><kml xmlns='http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1'>

  <Document>

    <Placemark>

      <name>CDATA example</name>

      <description>

        <![CDATA[

          <h1>CDATA Tags are useful!</h1>

          <p><font color='red'>Text is <i>more readable</i> and

          <b>easier to write</b> when you can avoid using entity

          references.</font></p>

        ]]>

      </description>

      <Point>

        <coordinates>102.595626,14.996729</coordinates>

      </Point>

    </Placemark>

  </Document>

</kml>

当然,还有一种使用转义字符来表示特殊符号的方式,这就不需要CDATA元素,如下所示:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><kml xmlns='http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1'>

  <Document>

    <Placemark>

      <name>Entity references example</name>

      <description>

               <h1>Entity references are hard to type!</h1>

               <p><font color='green'>Text is

          <i>more readable</i>

          and <b>easier to write</b>

          when you can avoid using entity references.</font></p>

      </description>

      <Point>

        <coordinates>102.594411,14.998518</coordinates>

      </Point>

    </Placemark>

  </Document>

</kml>

1.3叠层

叠层是覆盖在地球表面的图像。一个简单的叠层KML代码如下所示:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><kml xmlns='http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1'>

<Folder>   

<name>Ground Overlays</name>   

<description>Examples of ground overlays</description>   

<GroundOverlay>     

<name>Large-scale overlay on terrain</name>     

<description>Overlay shows Mount Etna erupting on July 13th, 2001.</description>

<Icon>       

<href>http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/etna.jpg</href>     

</Icon>     

<LatLonBox>       

<north>37.91904192681665</north>       

<south>37.46543388598137</south>       

<east>15.35832653742206</east>       

<west>14.60128369746704</west>       

<rotation>-0.1556640799496235</rotation>     

</LatLonBox>   

</GroundOverlay> 

</Folder>

</kml>

<GroundOverlay>中,它包含两个较新的标记:

<Icon>:指定图片的URL

<LatLonBox>:指定图片的位置和范围。

Google Earth支持JPEGBMP GIF TIFF TGAPNG等格式的图像。

1.4 路线

KML里面,路线由<LineString>元素来创建。如下所示:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><kml xmlns='http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1'>

<Document>   

<name>Paths</name>

<description>Examples of paths. Note that the tessellate tag is by default      set to 0. If you want to create tessellated lines, they must be authored      (or edited) directly in KML.</description>

<Style id='yellowLineGreenPoly'>     

<LineStyle>       

<color>7f00ffff</color>       

<width>4</width>     

</LineStyle>     

<PolyStyle>       

<color>7f00ff00</color>     

</PolyStyle>   

</Style>

<Placemark>

<name>Absolute Extruded</name>     

<description>Transparent green wall with yellow outlines</description>      <styleUrl>#yellowLineGreenPoly</styleUrl>     

<LineString>       

<extrude>1</extrude>       

<tessellate>1</tessellate>       

<altitudeMode>absolute</altitudeMode>       

<coordinates>

-112.2550785337791,36.07954952145647,2357          -112.2549277039738,36.08117083492122,2357          -112.2552505069063,36.08260761307279,2357          -112.2564540158376,36.08395660588506,2357          -112.2580238976449,36.08511401044813,2357          -112.2595218489022,36.08584355239394,2357          -112.2608216347552,36.08612634548589,2357          -112.262073428656,36.08626019085147,2357          -112.2633204928495,36.08621519860091,2357          -112.2644963846444,36.08627897945274,2357          -112.2656969554589,36.08649599090644,2357

</coordinates>     

</LineString>

</Placemark> 

</Document>

</kml>

1.5 多边形

多边形由<Polygon>定义,包括<outerBoundaryIs><innerBoundaryIs>,如下所示:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><kml xmlns='http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1'>

<Placemark>   

<name>The Pentagon</name>   

<Polygon>     

<extrude>1</extrude>     

<altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>     

<outerBoundaryIs>       

<LinearRing>         

<coordinates>           

-77.05788457660967,38.87253259892824,100             -77.05465973756702,38.87291016281703,100             -77.05315536854791,38.87053267794386,100             -77.05552622493516,38.868757801256,100             -77.05844056290393,38.86996206506943,100             -77.05788457660967,38.87253259892824,100         

</coordinates>       

</LinearRing>     

</outerBoundaryIs>     

<innerBoundaryIs>        

<LinearRing>         

<coordinates>           

-77.05668055019126,38.87154239798456,100             -77.05542625960818,38.87167890344077,100             -77.05485125901024,38.87076535397792,100             -77.05577677433152,38.87008686581446,100             -77.05691162017543,38.87054446963351,100             -77.05668055019126,38.87154239798456,100         

</coordinates>       

</LinearRing>     

</innerBoundaryIs>   

</Polygon> 

</Placemark>

</kml>

 

注:本文大部分内容是由GOOGLE KML文档KML Samples翻译而来,如果GOOGLE公司觉得有什么不妥,请联系我修改或删除。

 

    本站是提供个人知识管理的网络存储空间,所有内容均由用户发布,不代表本站观点。请注意甄别内容中的联系方式、诱导购买等信息,谨防诈骗。如发现有害或侵权内容,请点击一键举报。
    转藏 分享 献花(0

    0条评论

    发表

    请遵守用户 评论公约

    类似文章 更多