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取经号原版外刊双语阅读 未来的工作将不再 “对口” 本期导读 Alina Dizik认为，我们要为未来做好准备，从思考工作和职业转变为思考挑战和问题 正文 本文选自 BBC  译者：邓小雪&倪婷 校对：曾擎禹 笔记：徐嘉悦 策划：徐嘉悦 The next generation of jobs won’t be made up of professions 未来的工作将不再“对口”  When Jean-Philippe Michel, a Toronto-based career coach, works with secondary school students, he doesn’t use the word profession. Neither does he focus on helping his young clients figure out what they want to be when they grow up—at least not directly. 当多伦多的职业规划导师Jean-Philippe Michel为中学生做指导时，他没有用“专业”一词，也没有直接帮学生们找出他们想做的职业。 For him, there's really no such thing as deciding on a profession to grow up into. Michel认为，学生们不需要走一条明确的职业之路。 Rather than encouraging each person to choose a profession, say, architect or engineer, he works backwards from the skills that each student wants to acquire. So instead of saying, “I want to be a doctor”, he’ll aim to get students to talk about a goal, in this case “using empathy in a medical setting”. 与其鼓励每个人选择一个专业，例如建筑师或工程师，他重新重视每个学生想要获得的技能。他希望学生们谈论一个具体目标，比如“在医疗环境中运用同理心”，而不是直接说“我想成为一个医生。” It might seem a bit esoteric, but the twist in language helps boil down real objectives. And sometimes those don’t jibe with a single profession or even the career choice you might have imagined wanting at the start. Instead, Michel says deciding the skills you want to use leads to a career that’s more targeted—and thus more likely to bring you satisfaction. It also might be less a job and more a set of projects and work situations that lead you from one thing to the next. 这看起来似乎难以理解，但表达上的转换有助于提炼出真正的目标，而这些并不仅限于单一的专业或一开始你想选择的职业生涯。相比而言，Michel认为找到你想学的技能，从而引领你从事一份职业，才是更有目的性的办法，你也能因此得到更多满足感。这也意味着，让你不断继续下去的不只是一份工作，而是一系列的项目和工作情况。 “They need to shift from thinking about jobs and careers to think about challenges and problems,” Michel says. Easier said than done for, say, Gen X or even older millennials, but it’s not so out of the realm of thinking for younger people, who are already narrowing down their university studies. Michel说：“他们应该从思考工作和职业转变为思考挑战和问题。”对于X世代（指1965-1976年间出生的人——译注）和千禧世代（指1980-2000年出生的人——译注）来说确实有点困难，但对于更年轻的人而言则并非无法想象，因为他们已经在缩减大学的学习范围了。 The purpose, above all, is to prepare the next generation for a career in the future, which for many will be made up of numerous micro-jobs aimed at well-paid skilled workers, and not a single boss and company, he says. 他继续说道：“这样做的最终目的就是让下一代为未来的职业发展做好准备。到那时，高薪、有技能的工人将从事各种各样的小微工作，而非仅仅服务于某家公司和某个老板。” Ultimately, developing precise goals helps teenagers plan for what many call a ‘portfolio career’. This type of career is made up of somewhat disparate projects or roles and will be more prevalent in the next decade, says Michel, who is based in Ottawa, Canada. 加拿大渥太华的Michel认为，建立准确的目标有助于年轻人规划所谓的“职业组合”。这种职业类型由不同的项目或岗位角色组成，并在未来几十年中更为普遍。 “They are going to have to carve out a niche that’s more specific than it once was,” he believes. 他说：“他们将要开拓一个比以往更加明确的细分市场。” The demise of traditional 传统的消亡 Futurists and human resource executives say that our work lives will consist of doing several long-term projects or tasks at once. 未来主义者和人力资源从业者表示，我们的工作周期将包括同时完成几个长期的项目或任务。 “Instead of identifying your job role or description, you [will be] constantly adding skills based on what is going to make you more employable,” says Jeanne Meister, New York-based co-author of The Future Workplace Experience. 《未来的职场体验》一书的合作作者、现居纽约的Jeanne Meister说：“以前你只需要满足一份工作的岗位要求；但以后你将需要学习不同的技能，才能让自己在职场中更有竞争力。” If you’re younger, this will likely mean the ability to pursue flexibility and passions rather enter into a more traditional role, say in accounting or marketing or finance. 如果你还年轻，这就意味着你需要保持灵活度和对工作的热情，而不只是进入一个更加传统的岗位，比如会计、市场营销或金融。 The precursor for this shift is already here; it’s becoming more common to take on various roles even within one company, says Esther Rogers, who helps publish a quarterly journal about insight and foresight in the workplace, in addition to client work, as part of her role at Idea Couture, a Toronto-based innovation and design firm. Out of office hours, she also takes on voice acting roles. There’s “a real mishmash of tasks within a role. It's already becoming difficult to come up with [job] titles,” says Rogers. Esther Rogers任职于总部位于多伦多的战略创新和体验设计公司——战创（Idea Couture），她不仅要协助出版一本关于行业洞察和远见的季刊杂志，同时还要处理客户工作。 Esther Rogers认为这种转变的征兆已经显现，即便在同一个公司内，同时担任多种角色也变得越来越常见，“在同一个角色里其实也是多种任务混杂的，现在已经很难去定义职位的名称”。 Internal freelancer? 公司内部的自由职业者？ The idea of building a portfolio career has been around since the late 1980s, tapping into the dreamy interest many of us have in forging a one-of-a-kind career path. 在20世纪80年代中后期， 在探索围绕自己的兴趣进行独一无二的职业前景规划时，创建组合式的职业的概念已经产生。 But, until recently, the idea has been more theory than practice since a lack of technology made it time-consuming to find out about new opportunities, says Meister. Meister认为，在这之前由于技术不足，在寻找新的机会上耗费了大量时间，使得这一概念更多是一种理论而未能付诸实践。 Now that the technology has created more opportunities in the gig economy—think Uber, Instacart or Taskrabbit—the micro-job concept is making its way up the professional ranks. 今日的技术创新为零工经济创造了更多的机会，比如UBER、Instacart和任务兔子（TaskRabbit），小微工作这一概念使其逐渐进入职业序列。 More traditional companies are catching on and offering freelance-like project opportunities to their own employees, says Meister. For example, both IT giant Cisco and financial services firm MasterCard are testing so-called “internal mobility platforms” that allow employees to cherry-pick projects to fill specific gaps for the company rather than staying in a more structured role, says Meister. Meister说，越来越多的传统型公司意识到这一变化，开始为员工提供类似自由职业的项目机会。IT行业巨头思科以及金融服务公司万事达正在尝试建立“内部流动平台”，让员工择优挑选项目来填补公司发展的缺口，而不是将员工长期固定于同一个岗位。 Instead of continuing in one department under a single supervisor, workers are encouraged to choose their next projects based on their skills, or skills they want to develop, which can mean working in a different part of the company. She says it’s working, although they’ve yet to study return on investment of the effort. 与长期待在同一个部门接受单一的指导相反，公司鼓励员工基于已有的技能或者下一步想要发展的技能来选择参与的项目，这也就意味着可以在公司不同的部门工作。Meister认为，虽然仍需要对投资回报率进行研究，但这一策略正在取得成效。 Michael Stull, a senior vice president at Manpower Group, a global human resource consulting firm in the US state of Wisconsin, says more firms are demanding similar setups. 总部位于美国威斯康星州的国际人力资源咨询公司万宝盛华高级副总裁Michael Stull提出，越来越多的公司正在采取同样的措施。 For companies, the payoff for experimenting with internal project-based opportunities means workers are less likely to jump from one company to the next, says futurist Jacob Morgan, author of The Employee Experience Advantage, based in the US state of California. Micro-jobs can inspire a sense of entrepreneurial spirit and autonomy within a company, he explains, which in turn might keep us from job-hopping to the competition. 《员工体验优势》一书作者、现居加州的未来学家Jacob Morgan认为，对企业来说，在公司内部实行项目制的好处是员工很少跳槽到其他公司。小微工作能够激发起员工的创业精神，提升在公司内部的自主能力，从而减少跳槽到竞争对手公司状况的发生。 Forging a career path 打造职业发展路径 Choosing where and how you work seems fun, right? But when it comes to forging a long-term career, there are drawbacks to creating a portfolio of work, say experts. 要选择一个能够让你快乐工作的地方和方式，对吧？但专家认为从长远的职业发展来看，组合式职业存在弱点。 If you constantly hop from one project to the next, the change can be jarring and leave you without a clear path to benchmark success. 如果你不停地从一个项目跳到下一个项目，变化太频繁而难以通向事业成功之路。 With fewer promotions and changes to job titles, it can be more difficult to feel like you’re succeeding even if you’re regularly completing projects, says career coach Michel. What’s more, our identity is often wrapped up in the type of work we do, which doesn’t really fit the micro-job collecting life. 职业生涯规划教练Michel认为，即便你通常能够顺利完成项目，但由于较少受到提升以及职位名称很少变化，会使你很难感受到成功。而且，我们的身份认同深置于我们的工作之中，这也导致小微工作拼接式的职业生涯很难产生这样的身份认同。 And, of course, even though some companies are experimenting, steering past a traditional mentality on what constitutes professional growth can take years to change. 尽管有一些公司正在进行这样的探索，但转变传统的对职业发展的看法仍需要多年的时间。 “The biggest barrier to adapting,” says Meister, “is mindset.” Meister 说“促成转变的最大障碍是思维方式”。 外媒简介 英国广播公司 (BBC)，成立于1922年，是英国最大的新闻广播机构，也是世界最大的新闻广播机构之一。在相当长的一段时间内BBC一直垄断着英国的电视、电台。在1955年独立电视台和1973年独立电视台成立之前，BBC一直是英国唯一的电视、电台广播公司。 学习笔记 1.empathy：n. ability to imagine and share another person's feelings, experience, etc 感情移入, 同感（对他人的感情﹑ 经历等的想像力和感受力） 2.esoteric: adj. likely to be understood by only those with a special knowledge or interest; mysterious; obscure 只有内行才懂的; 神秘的; 难懂的 3.niche: n. suitable or comfortable position, place, job, etc 适合的或舒适的位置、地方、职业等 取经号，服务你我的外语外媒学习平台 取经路上，你不是一个人 长按 二维码 关注这个外语外媒学习平台 回复 读译会 加入取经号经济学人读译会 |
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