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第八讲:怎么样一眼看出英语句中的谓语和非谓语?

 智汇百川 2017-05-01

第八讲:怎么样一眼看出英语句子中的谓语和非谓语?

[许愿城英语讲座]

我们原计划是在这一讲中说说“填好高考语法填空题目中那些不给词的空”,但是,应一些读者的要求,在这里,我们先讲“怎么样一眼看出英语句子中的谓语动词和非谓语动词”,因为,这在阅读、语法填空和短文改错中都是相当重要的。

我们知道,谓语是用动词做的,但是,动词不一定是谓语,因为,动词还可以做非谓语,叫做非谓语动词。

谓语和非谓语是交织在一起的,那么,怎么样区分它们的?

下面是2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试(北京卷)的阅读题的一个段落,方括号中的,都是动词,你能一眼看出来哪个是谓语吗?而且,马上就区分出来?

Dear Alfred,

I [want] to [tell] you how important your help [is]to my life.

[Growing up], I [had] people [telling] me I [was] too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I[’m] anything but stupid. The fact was that I [was found] [to have] ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I [was] unable [to keep] [focused] for more than an hour at a time.

However, when something [did interest] me, I[could become] [absorbed]. In high school, I [became] curious about the computer, and [built] my first website. Moreover, I [completed] the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.

While I [was exploring] my curiosity, my disease [got ]worse. I [wanted] [to go] to college after high school, but [couldn’t] . So, I [was killing] my time at home until June 2012 when I [discovered] the online computer courses of your[training] center.

这里有一些诀窍:

当你看到文中的这些东西,你就可以立刻判断它们是谓语动词。

1]动词原形。

2]动词加s

3] 动词前面有情态动词:

can,may, must, need, will, shall, should, would

能 可能 必须 需要 将\会 将/应该 应该 将、会 [过去式]

4] 动词加ed前面有have、 has和had

5] 有动词be,包括am,is, are, was, were的部分,都是谓语部分

6] 动词过去式

简记:动词原形,加s,

前面放有情态词。

动词be都是谓语

外加动词过去式

当你看见这几种形式,并且前面没有动词be[am, is, are, was, were, have been],或者have[ has, had],它一定是非谓语

1]动词加ing:表示同时

2] to+动词:表示目的

3]过去分词:表示被

根据这几点,我们现在来详细讲解

Dear Alfred,

I [want] [totell] you how important your help [is]to my life.

want: 动词原形,是谓语。

to tell:to加动词,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语

is:谓语

[Growing up], I [had] people [telling] me I [was] too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17

growing up:动词加ing,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语

had:过去式,谓语。

telling:前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语

was:动词be的变形,过去式,谓语。

I[’m] anything but stupid.

am 动词be的变形,谓语。

The fact [was] that I [was found] [to have] ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍).

was: 动词be的变形,过去式,谓语。

found: 过去分词,前面有be的变形was,谓语。

to have:to+动词,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语

Anxious all the time, I [was] unable [to keep] [focused] for more than an hour at a time.

was:动词be的变形,过去式,谓语。

to keep:to+动词,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语

focused:过去分词,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语

However, when something [did interest] me, I[could become] [absorbed].

did: 过去式,谓语

become:前面有情态动词could,谓语

absorbed:过去分词,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语

In high school, I [became] curious about the computer, and [built] my first website.

became:过去式,谓语。

built:and把became相连了,became是谓语,built也是谓语。

Moreover, I [completed] the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.

completed:过去式,谓语

While I [was exploring] my curiosity, my disease [got ]worse.

exploring:非谓语,但是前面有动词be的变形was,是谓语。

I [wanted] [to go] to college after high school, but [couldn’t] .

wanted:过去式,谓语。

to go:to+动词,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语。

couldn't:情态动词,谓语。

So, I [was killing] my time at home until June 2012 when I [discovered] the online computer courses of your[training] center.

killing: 非谓语,但是,前面动词be的变形was,是谓语。

discovered:过去式,谓语。

training训练,培训:动词加ing,前面没有be和have中的一个,非谓语。

大家记住了吗?再复习一遍好吗?

下面,我们来说,我们的这种知识和技能,在语法填空中的作用:

比如,下面是2016 年高考英语全国卷3语法题

Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.

42 题,前面有might,这里make一定是一个谓语。本句的意思是“某物可能用金子和银子来做”,当然,只能被做。表示这个意思有两种形式,第一种是过去分词made,另一种写成被动语态:be made。 因为是作谓语,前面加be,我们选择be made。

所以,本题填 be made.

43 题: Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs. 我们把可能不会的名词都翻译成东西,不会的动词都翻译成做某事, 或者不翻译,不管.

本句简化为: workers also 做某事 43 (create)某物.

create创造: 前面已经有做某事了,有谓语了,这里应该用非谓语;

本句应该是这样的意思: 工人们也做某事,目的是创造某物.

所以, 这里填to create 表示,目的是。 忘了就复习前面的非谓语三种形式的意思。

当然,知道整句的意思更好:

Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create special designs.

有技术的工人也结合各种各样的硬木和金属[来创造]特别的设计。

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