StudentNotesLecture7–VineyardDesignandEstablishmentSlide1Grape
varietiesdecidedonGraperootstocksdecidedonifneededVineyar
dsiteselectionmadeSlide2RoworientationNorthtosouthpreferr
edOtherorientationswillworkaswellRowsperpendiculartoaroa
dRowsparalleltothedirectionofstrongprevailingwindsRowspe
rpendiculartothedirectionofamoderatetosteepslopeSlide3E
quipmentwidthisafactorNormaltractorwidth6feetNarrowtract
orwidth60to65inchesBetweenrowspacing8to9feetforavert
icaltrellis10to12feetforadividedtrellisSlide4Trellishei
ght5.5to6feetComfortableworkingheightDonotexceedrowspaci
ngorshadingwilloccurMaintainaratiooftrellisheighttobet
weenrowspacingof1orlessCanopiesmayextendabovetrellisSli
de5RowlengthVaries300to1,500feetLongermeansfewerendpost
assembliesLongerforefficientuseofequipmentShorterforeffic
ientuseofmanuallaborVineyardsitemightdictateSlide6Vinesp
acingRange5to8feetSomefactorsthatinfluenceVarietyvigorSoi
lfertilityIrrigationVinetrainingSlide7Headlandsallowforequi
pmentturning30feetminimumAlleywaysarebreaksinvineyardbloc
kswithlongrowstoprovideaccess20feetminimumSlide8Preparin
gthesiteStartonetotwoyearsbeforeSoiltestingandamendingR
emovalofdebrisSurfaceandinternaldrainageWeedcontrolSlide9S
iteconditioningofpreviousfruitsitesGreenmanurecovercroppi
ngandincorporationReduceparasiticnematodesIncreasesoilorgan
icmatterPages76&77NewlyplantedvineyardsgrowbetterSlide10
CertifiedgrapevinesReducesriskofunhealthyandnon-’true-to-ty
pe’vinesGrades2-year#1,1-yearextra,1-year#1,1-yearmediu
m,1-year#2usuallygoodenoughSlide11Vinenumbersforaplanti
ngCalculatebasedonwithinrowandbetweenrowspacingandthea
reaofanacre(43,560squarefeet)Add1to2%moreforreplaceme
ntsOrderayearinadvanceforspecificvarieties,clones,grafte
dvinesSlide12PlantingtimesFallpossibleifplantsareavailabl
eSpringismorecommonWaituntilafterriskoffreeze,lightfros
tnotaproblemMid-Apriltomid-MaySlide13GroundPreparationCult
ivationPlowing,disking,draggingStripplantingonerodible,slop
inggroundHerbicideapplication(glyphosate)Rotovationwithatil
lerSlide14FieldmarkingRectangularareaEstablishcornerandmeas
ureoutlengthandwidthUserighttriangle(30,40,&50feet)to
achieveperpendicularlinesSlide15Non-rectangularareaSeriesof
rectanglesandrighttriangles,Figures4.1ContourlayoutGPSand
surveytechniquesSlide16Straightrowsandaccuratespacingofv
inesimportantRowsperpendiculartobaseline,Figure4.10Parallel
rows,Figures4.8&4.9Slide17Handdigging,augeredholes,mech
anicalplanter,laser-guidedplanter,Figures4.5,4.7.4.9,4.12
,4.14VinesfromnurseryaredormantKeepvinescool,moist,andi
nshadepriortoplantingRootsmustnotdryoutSlide18Balanceho
lesizewithrootmassSpreadrootsinplantingholebeforeback-f
illingSetgraftunions2inchesabovesoilsurface,Figure4.13Me
chanicalplantersplowfurrowsratherthanholesSlide19Fertilize
withnitrogenfollowingplanting,20to30poundsactualnitroge
nperacrePlacefertilizerinacircle(twofootdiameter)around
vineWeedcontrolcriticalinnewplantings:hand-hoeing,mechani
calcultivation,mulching,herbicideGrowtubesasabarrier,Figu
re4.19Slide20Vinemanagementgoaltofillthetrellisbytheen
dofthethirdgrowingseasonGrowseveral(2to3)shootsDefruit
foronetotwoyearsDiseaseandinsectcontrolSodestablishmenti
nrowmiddlesSlide21TrellisconstructionLargecostinvineyarde
stablishmentDurabilityandlongservicelifeimportantInstallaft
erplantingbutdonotdelaytoolong,vinesmustbetrainedvert
ically,Figures4.19,4.20Slide22InstallinstagesSpreads-outla
borandsupplycostsBetweenyears1and2Line-postsandtopwireB
etweenyears2and3End-posts,anchors,andremainingwiresSlide
23Endandline-postsWood–redorsouthernyellowpinepressuret
reatedwithCCAMetal–T-posts,specializedmetalpostswithwire
slots,Figure4.23Slide24Woodpoststrengthproportionaltocro
ss-sectionalarea,Table4.1Sizedbydiameteratsmallendofpos
tEnd-posts5to6inchdiameterLine-posts3.5inchdiameter30-yea
rlifewithCCApressuretreatmentSlide25Distancebetweenline-p
osts18to24feet3to4vinesbetweenline-postsWiresagginginc
reaseswithgreaterdistancebetweenline-postsIncreasingwirete
nsioncancompensatebutnoteliminatesaggingSlide26Line-posts
8feetlonginstalled2to2.5feetdeepWoodpostsoftenpointed
onendsHydraulicpostpounder,tractormountedorhandoperated,
Figures4.22&4.23Postvibrator,Figure4.24PostholediggerPost
maulandpinchbar,Figure4.25Slide27End-posts8feetlongins
talled3ormorefeetdeep,angledat30°fromverticalAnchoring
orbracingend-postsimportant,Figures4.27and4.28Characterist
icsofgoodgroundanchoring,pages91-92Resultofpooranchoring
,Figure4.26Alternativeanchor,Figure4.29Slide28Wirefortrel
lisSoft,bendable,low-carbonversushard,stiff,high-tensile(h
ighcarbon)Wirecharacteristics,Table4.2Selectonyieldpointr
atherthanonbreakingpointSlide29Crimpedwireagoodchoicefo
rloadbearingStraightwirefornon-loadbearingZincgalvanizatio
nforcorrosionresistance,type3preferredCostperfootmoreim
portantthancostperpoundSlide30Amountofwireperacredepend
sonrowspacing,trainingsystem,wiregauge;Table4.4High-tens
ilewire10-11gaugeforloadbearing12-14gaugefornon-loadbear
ingSlide31Wiretensioning270to300poundsoptimumTechniquefor
tensioning,Figure4.32andTable4.5Shortrows(150feetorless
)difficulttotensionproperly,springtensionersused,Figure4
.33Slide32Attachingwiretoendpostsbywrappingaroundpostan
dbackontoitself(low-carbonwire),Figure4.34Metalcrimpsus
edonhigh-tensilewire,Figure4.31and4.35(upperright)Attach
mentthroughapostwithawirelock,Figure4.35(upperleft)Rat
chetwiredevice,Figure4.35(middle)Slide33Attachingwiretol
inepostsonprevailing,windwardsideusingU-shaped,galvanizedstaples,1.5inlongAlternativefortheloadbearingwireisontopofpostinashallownotch,Figure4.30Lightgauge,catchwiresheldwithspecializedclips,Figure4.36Slide34ToolsFencepliers,clawhammer,ratchetingwiretightener,wiregripper,wirereel,crimpingtool,pinchbar,postmaulSafetyprotectionShatter-proofeyeprotection,gloves |
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