使用国内镜像通过pip安装python的一些包 | 学步园

bubbi7 2017-06-27

展开全文

学习flask，安装virtualenv环境，这些带都ok，但是一安装包总是出错无法安装，

比如这样超时的问题：

(env)user@orz:~/flask_study/venv-test/test$ easy_install Flask-SQLAlchemy
Searching for Flask-SQLAlchemy
Reading http://pypi./simple/Flask-SQLAlchemy/
Best match: Flask-SQLAlchemy 1.0
Downloading https://pypi./packages/source/F/Flask-SQLAlchemy/Flask-SQLAlchemy-1.0.tar.gz#md5=dca034849ffcbaef7b848e8728d3668f
Processing Flask-SQLAlchemy-1.0.tar.gz
Running Flask-SQLAlchemy-1.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-lQ6xtl/Flask-SQLAlchemy-1.0/egg-dist-tmp-ZojgvG
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_themes/.git'
Adding Flask-SQLAlchemy 1.0 to easy-install.pth file

Installed /home/zt/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Flask_SQLAlchemy-1.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for Flask-SQLAlchemy
Searching for SQLAlchemy
Reading http://pypi./simple/SQLAlchemy/
Download error on http://pypi./simple/SQLAlchemy/: _ssl.c:489: The handshake operation timed out -- Some packages may not be found!
Reading http://pypi./simple/SQLAlchemy/
Best match: SQLAlchemy 0.8.2
Downloading https://pypi./packages/source/S/SQLAlchemy/SQLAlchemy-0.8.2.tar.gz#md5=5a33fb43dea93468dbb2a6562ee80b54
error: Download error for https://pypi./packages/source/S/SQLAlchemy/SQLAlchemy-0.8.2.tar.gz: _ssl.c:489: The handshake operation timed out

或者这种：

(env)user@orz:~/flask_study/venv-test/test$ pip install flask
Downloading/unpacking flask
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement flask
No distributions at all found for flask
Storing complete log in /home/user/.pip/pip.log

或者：

Downloading/unpacking flask
  Cannot fetch index base URL http://pypi./simple/

或者：

Downloading/unpacking Jinja2>=2.4 (from flask)
  Error The read operation timed out while getting https://pypi./packages/source/J/Jinja2/Jinja2-2.7.1.tar.gz#md5=282aed153e69f970d6e76f78ed9d027a (from https://pypi./simple/Jinja2/)
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 104, in main
    status = (options, args)
  File "/home/user/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 245, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "/home/user/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 985, in prepare_files
    self.unpack_url(url, location, _download)
  File "/home/user/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1109, in unpack_url
    retval = unpack_http_url(link, location, wnload_cache, wnload_dir)
  File "/home/user/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/download.py", line 431, in unpack_http_url
    resp = _get_response_from_url(target_url, link)
  File "/home/user/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/download.py", line 466, in _get_response_from_url
    resp = urlopen(target_url)
  File "/home/user/flask_study/venv-test/test/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/download.py", line 85, in __call__
    response = urllib2.urlopen(self.get_request(url))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 127, in urlopen
    return _opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 401, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 419, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 379, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1219, in https_open
    return _open(httplib.HTTPSConnection, req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1184, in do_open
    r = h.getresponse(buffering=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 1034, in getresponse
    response.begin()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 407, in begin
    version, status, reason = self._read_status()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 365, in _read_status
    line = self.fp.readline()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/socket.py", line 447, in readline
    data = self._sock.recv(self._rbufsize)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/ssl.py", line 241, in recv
    return self.read(buflen)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/ssl.py", line 160, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len)
SSLError: The read operation timed out

Storing complete log in /home/user/.pip/pip.log

为什么总是失败？自己操作老标准了，这么简单的几个小步骤还老是出错，不由得让我怀疑是否是撞墙了，可是又懒得买vpn去翻~~一墙，
无法代理又无法翻~~一墙，被逼着想到了使用镜像的方法了，一些公共的网站在国内总有一些镜像，使用这些镜像地址来安装就可以了

有了目的性搜索很快就搜索到了，

http://e.pypi./这个就是官网了，清华大学提供的

建议非清华大学校内的使用这个镜像： http://e.pypi./simple(这也是一个http://pypi./simple)，清华校内的就使用这个：http://mirrors.tuna./pypi/simple

使用镜像的方法可以在每次执行pip的时候加上参数"-i http://e.pypi./simple"即可，

或者也可以在本地配置，这样就不用每次都加上参数了，应用Cheer Xiao的配置（http://blog./post/2012-11-01/pypi-mirror）：

使用pip的用户可以如下配置：

在unix和macos，配置文件为：$HOME/.pip/pip.conf
在windows上，配置文件为：%HOME%\pip\pip.ini

需要在配置文件内加上：

[global]
index-url=http://mirrors.tuna./pypi/simple

还有一个小技巧，就是把所有要安装的包写在一个文件里面，比如requirement.txt(每个包写一行，顶行头写)，然后pip安装的时候只需要加参数“-r requirement.txt”即可。

安装好之后体验了一把，速度飕飕的，感觉就一个字：爽~~

ps:

使用步骤：

1.进入目录下使用命令：virtualenv env

2.source env/bin/activate，这时候你会发现命令行前面会多出个（env）标识，这表明你已经进入了虚拟环境了。

写个简单的验证：

#!/usr/bin/python
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/', methods = ['GET', 'POST'])
def hello():
    return 'Hello world!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ()

提示没有flask包，使用上面的方法pip之，pip install -i http://e.pypi./simple flask,速度超快，安装之，运行，OK。

解惑：为什么这样安装酒OK了？而且不会对系统的原有的包造成影响？

查看env目录下的内容，发现在env/lib/pythonX.X/site-packages目录下有这些安装的包，比如我的下面有这些：

distribute-0.6.24-py2.7.egg  itsdangerous-0.23-py2.7.egg-info  Jinja2-2.7.1-py2.7.egg-info     setuptools.pth
easy-install.pth                                markupsafe                      werkzeug
flask                        c                  MarkupSafe-0.18-py2.7.egg-info  Werkzeug-0.9.3-py2.7.egg-info
Flask-0.10.1-py2.7.egg-info  jinja2                            pip-1.1-py2.7.egg

这就是虚拟机的作用了。

终于可以安心的把精力集中到flask上了。