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People know George R. R. Martin for his incredible book series, A Song of Ice and Fire, but there is much more to Martin than this series. He began writing stories for his friends, and he was a prolific science-fiction and horror writer. Here’s a look at Martin, a writer whose life has been profoundly shaped by fantasy. 乔治·R.R.马丁因其超赞的系列小说《冰与火之歌》而闻名，但马丁的成就远不止这部系列。他最初写故事给朋友们看，后来成为了高产的科幻和恐怖故事作家。本文将带您认识马丁，这位人生受到奇幻文学深刻影响的作家。 George R. R. Martin: A Lifetime of Fantasy (I) 乔治·R.R.马丁的奇幻人生（上） 文/肖恩·斯凯里斯布里克 译/凌岚 By Sean Scarisbrick George R. R. Martin’s life has revolved around fantasy. His full name is George Raymond Richard Martin, and he was born on September 20, 1948. He grew up in Bayonne, New Jersey. It was from his hometown that he first looked toward the fantastical, as he watched ships traveling the straight of Kill Van Kull[1] from around the world. He felt transported around the world as he watched foreign trade ships in constant movement. 乔治·R.R.马丁的人生一直围绕着奇幻展开。他全名叫乔治·雷蒙德·理查德·马丁，1948年9月20日出生，在新泽西州巴约纳长大。就是在自己的家乡，看着范库尔水道上来自世界各地的船只，他开始向往奇幻世界。看见外国商船川流不息，他感到自己仿佛乘船周游了世界。 [1] 新泽西州巴约纳市（也译作贝永市）与纽约州斯塔滕岛之间的水域称为范库尔水道，水道上有著名的巴约纳桥，1931年建成通车，1985年被定为国家历史性地标土木工程。
He also began writing fantasy as a child, and he sold—and dramatically read—his stories to his friends. In Marist High School, Martin became more heavily involved in the comic book world, and began writing short stories set in these fantastical worlds. He gained a following at comic book conventions, and people often looked forward to reading his innovative works. When he was 21, he sold ‘The Hero’ to Galaxy, thus marking his first professional sale. 他开始写奇幻故事也是在童年时期，写故事卖给朋友们——还声情并茂地读给他们听。就读马里斯特高中期间，马丁深深沉浸在漫画书的世界里，并开始创作发生在这些奇幻世界里的短篇故事。通过参加漫展，他有了粉丝，人们常对他富有创意的作品充满期待。21岁那年，他的作品“英雄”被《银河科幻》杂志买断，成为他作家生涯的第一笔生意。  He studied journalism at Northwestern University, and he graduated with a B.S. in 1970 and M.S. in 1971. At this time, Martin became eligible to be drafted for the Vietnam War, but he was a staunch advocate against the war; he received conscientious-objector[2] status and served instead as a VISTA[3] volunteer from 1972 to 1974. 他在西北大学学习新闻学，并于1970年和1971年分别获得学士和硕士学位。此时，马丁符合征兵条件该入伍参与越战，但他坚决反战；后来，他以“良心反对者”身份于1972年到1974年加入为美国服务志愿队当志愿者。 [2] 指基于道德或宗教信仰原因不肯服兵役的人。联合国人权委员会第1995/83号决议指出：“正在服兵役的人不应被排除在依良心拒服兵役权之外。”第1998/77号决议再次确认：“正在服兵役的人员可能会出现基于良心的反对意见。”一些国际组织将5月15日定为“国际良心反对者日”。 [3] 即Volunteers in Service to America。
Later on, Martin became a professor at Clarke University and a chess teacher. He taught journalism from 1976 to 1979, when he realized that his true passion was writing. He quit his job at Clarke and moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico to pursue his dream of writing. 而后，马丁成为克拉克大学的教授和国际象棋老师。1976年到1979年教授新闻学期间，他意识到自己真正热爱的是写作。于是，他辞去克拉克的教职，搬到新墨西哥州圣菲市，开始追求自己的写作梦。
 The projection of his writing career is incredibly interesting, especially since we are familiar with Martin’s current works. In fact, he began his career not with fantasy but writing science-fiction and horror. When his book, The Armageddon Rag (1983), did not receive the success he had hoped for, he moved onto television. He worked on the television shows, Twilight Zone, Max Headroom, and Beauty and the Beast[4]. 他的写作事业发展轨迹相当有趣，尤其是我们熟悉了马丁现在的作品之后再来回顾。其实，他最初写的不是奇幻故事，而是科幻和恐怖故事。当他的长篇小说《末日狂歌》（1983）没有取得预期的成功时，他转向了电视行业。他参与制作的电视节目包括《阴阳魔界》《双面麦克斯》和《侠胆雄狮》。 [4] 此剧于1990年《正大综艺》开播时引进中国，是当年《正大剧场》所播的第一个剧集，官方译名为《侠胆雄狮》，与同名童话电影《美女与野兽》并无关联。
In 1991, Martin began writing what he is most famous for, A Song of Ice and Fire. This marked his move from science-fiction and horror, as A Song of Ice and Fire is an epic fantasy series that was inspired by the War of the Roses[5], a tumultuous time in England when the Lancasters and Yorks fought for power, and Ivanhoe[6], a story of medieval England written by Sir Walter Scott. 1991年，马丁开始创作他最著名的作品《冰与火之歌》。这是他从科幻和恐怖转型的标志，因为《冰与火之歌》是一部史诗奇幻系列，灵感来源于玫瑰战争——英国历史上兰开斯特家族和约克家族激战争权的那段混乱时期，以及沃尔特·司各特爵士所写的中世纪英国故事《艾凡赫》。 [5] 又称蔷薇战争（1455年─1485年），是英王爱德华三世（1327—1377年在位）的两支后裔兰开斯特家族和约克家族的支持者为了争夺英格兰王位而发生的断续内战。 [6] 又译《劫后英雄传》，英国著名的历史小说家和诗人沃尔特·司各特爵士的代表作之一。小说描写“狮心王”理查东征时失踪，其弟约翰趁机夺位，后理查得到一些诺曼人和撒克逊贵族塞得利克之子艾凡赫及绿林好汉罗宾汉等人的帮助，终于战胜约翰，重登王位，肃清叛逆。 （选自《英语世界》2017年第7期）  点击聆听 原文朗读  |
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来自： smiller2016 > 《20170718》
