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语 态
（表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系）
一、总述
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：Many
students study English.(主动语态)
English
is studied by many students.(被动语态)
二、被动语态的用法
（1）当不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时
Such
books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。
（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。
The
cup was broken by David.
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.
It’s
said / reported / + that …据说/据报道
It’s
reported that it will rain tomorrow.据报道，明天会下雨。
Ⅰ.一般现在时的被动语态结构：
is/are+过去分词
Cars
are made in China .
The
desk made of wood.这张桌子是木质的。
English
is in our school.我们学校学英语。
如何由主动语态变成被动语态呢？
Many students study English.
English
is studied by many students.
They
make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made by them in that factory.
注意1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动
3.将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by的宾语放在谓动词之后
运用一下吧！
They
play football on Sunday.
Lucy
does the homework in the evening..
They
often use computers in class..
We
make these machines in Beijing.
Ⅱ.一般过去时的被动语态结构： was/were +过去分词
1.
They bought a computer last term．
A computer
was bought by them last term.
2.We
planted many trees last year.
Many
trees were planted last year.
运用一下吧！
They
built the tall building last year.
He
took good care of his little brother yesterday.
We
cleaned our classroom just now.
They
used the rooms for resting.
Ⅲ.一般将来时的被动语态结构：be
going to be/will be+过去分词
1.They
will finish the work in ten days.
The
work will be finished by them in ten days.
2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.
The
room is going to be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.
运用一下吧！
We
will held a sports meeting next week.
Children
will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.
The
headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.
Ⅳ.含有情态动词被动语态结构can/may/must/should
+ be+过去分词
1.Amy
can take good care of Gina ．
Gina
can be taken good care of by Amy.
2.You
should drink more water.
More
water should be drunk by you.
运用一下吧！
1.He
can take care of the baby.
2.Lucy
may draw the pictures.
3.You
must turn off the lights.
4.They
should learn English well.
Ⅴ.现在进行时的被动语态的结构 is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
1.Some
workers are painting the rooms now．
The
rooms are being painted by some workers now.
2.He is
watching TV.
TV is being watched by him.
Ⅵ.现在完成时的被动语态的结构 have / has＋been＋过去分词
1.We
have made a key．
A key
has been made by us.
2.We
have finished our compositions.
Our
compositions have been finished by us.
三、小结
The passive
voice 被动语态
Ⅰ、英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.
被动语态的构成:助动词be+ (及物动词的) 过去分词
am (is, are) + done 一般现在时
was
(were) + done 一般过去时
一般将来时
shall / will + be + done
过去将来时
would / should + be + done
现在进行时 am /
is / are + being+ done
过去进行时 was
/ were + being + done
现在完成时 have
/ has + been + done
过去完成时 had
+ been + done
Ⅱ、被动语态的几种类型
1.带双宾语句子的被动语态
一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加 for 或 to。
如：①He
gave me a book.
－I was given a
book by him.
－A book was given
to me by Tom.
②I
bought him a book.
－He was bought a
book by me.
－A book was
bought for him by me.
2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
They
take good care of my child. -----My child is taken good care of .
I turned off the
radio. ---The radio (by me).
3.在主动语态中省去to 在变为被动语态时应补出来
即hear
, watch , see , make , let ,这些词在变被动句时必须加to.
I saw
him play basketball last Sunday.
→He
was play basketball last Sunday.
The
boss makes him work for 10 hours.
→He work for 10 hours.
4.主动结构表被动含义★★★
1） look smell sound feel taste等作连系动词用时 ，主动形式表被动意义。
Eg.
棉花摸起来很柔软Cotton
soft.
这老妇人看起来焦急。The
old woman worried .
2)
write
read
sell wash open lock等常和表示行为方式的状语连用表达效果和程度时 常用主动表被动。
Eg.
This pen well.这笔很好用。
This
book .这书很畅销
3)
动词 need want require（需要）等接动名词作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义
Eg 他的鞋需要修理。His shoes .
填空（完成被动语态填空）
1. They often clean their classroom after
school . （改为被动语态）
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week
.
3. A
lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）
English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of
people in China now.
4. I have learned English for about two
years. （同上）
English ______ ______ ______ for about two
years.
5. They will read these story-books next
month. （同上）
These
story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.
选择
6.
－Do
you like the skirt ? －It
_______ soft.
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt
7.
Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who
________ for ?
A. are you waiting B. did you wait
C. were you waiting D. do you wait
8.
_____ to know Professor Zhang.
A. He said B. I said
C. He is said D. It says
9. －I want to sit at
the table near the window.
－Sorry , ______
already.
A. it took
B. it takes
C. it is taking D. it has been taken
10.
The letter _______ three days ago and it_____ yesterday.
A.
had post , had arrived B. was posted ,
arrived
C.
posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived
11.
He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.
A. is given
B. will be given
C.
would have given D. would be given
12.
Water ______ into ice.
A. will changed B. must be changed
C. should change D. can be changed
13.
The birds _______ fly away last Saturday.
A.
let to B. is let to C. was let
D. were let to
14. A
strange sound ______ yesterday evening.
A. was heard B. hears
C. heard D. is heard
15. A
beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates.
A. sent to B. will sent to
C. was sent to D. will be sent for
16.
Miss Chen ______ just ______ to speak at
the meeting.
A.
has …been asked B. has been …asked
C.
Have been … asked D. have …been asked
17.
Meat _______ out in this shop . We can ____ now.
A. have been sold , get nothing
B. has been sold , get nothing
C. has been sold , get some
D. have been
sold , get some
注to: pass, give, show, bring
for: make, buy, draw
18.
The new play _______ in theatre now . Why don’t you go in and see it ?
A. is being shown B. is showing
C. is shown D. shows
19.
Can you tell _______ ?
A. when did it happen B.
when was it happened
C. when it happened D. when it was happened
20.
______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John ?
A. Has … finished
B. Has …being finished
C. Is …finish
D. Has …been
finished
完成下列句子：
1.Our
school _____ ＿＿＿＿in
2002.(开办)
2.The
young trees must____ ____ ______
well. (照顾)
3.
_____ this building_________(建成)last year?
4.The
book _____ _______(写)by him last year.
5.
The bridge _______ _______(不建造)in1989..
6.The
29th Olympic Games will____ ______(举行) in UK in 2012.
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