If you have acute coronary syndrome, you have one or more conditions caused by a blockage of blood flow to your heart muscle. This is a medical emergency, because you may be having a heart attack, a condition in which your heart muscle begins to die.
如果患者患有急性冠状动脉综合征，那么他至少具有一种或多种阻碍血液流向心肌的因素。急性冠脉综合征是一种内科急症，因为患者可能会心脏病发作。心脏病发作时，患者的心肌开始死亡。
Your heart is a muscular organ, that pumps blood containing the oxygen and nutrients your body needs. The main pumping chamber of your heart is the left ventricle. When your left ventricle contracts, it sends oxygen-rich blood to your body through a large artery called the aorta.
心脏是一种肌肉性器官，它能泵出机体所需的含有氧气和营养物质的血液。心脏的主要泵血腔是左心室。收缩时，左心室通过一条大动脉，即主动脉为机体输送富含氧气的血液。
Connected to your aorta are small arteries called coronary arteries. Blood flows from your aorta, through the coronary arteries to supply your heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. If you have acute coronary syndrome, blood flow through your coronary arteries is severely reduced or completely blocked.
主动脉连接的小动脉称为冠状动脉。血液从主动脉流出，经由冠状动脉，为心肌提供氧气和营养物质。罹患急性冠脉综合征时，流经冠状动脉的血液严重减少，或冠状动脉完全阻滞。
One possible cause of reduced blood flow is atherosclerosis. In this condition, a build-up of a fatty substance called plaque can narrow your coronary arteries. If this plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form and block the artery. A blood clot is the most common cause of coronary artery blockage.
血流减少的一个可能原因是动脉粥样硬化。动脉粥样硬化发生时，积聚的脂肪物质，也称斑块可使冠状动脉变窄。如果斑块破裂，血栓就会形成，并阻塞动脉。血栓是冠状动脉阻滞的最常见病因。
Other less common causes of reduced blood flow include coronary artery spasm or dissection. In a coronary artery spasm triggers,such as drugs, smoking, cold weather, and extreme stress or emotions can cause a temporary and sudden tightening of a coronary artery.
其它引起血流减少的不常见病因包括冠状动脉痉挛或夹层。冠状动脉痉挛诱因，如药物、吸烟、冷空气、极端压力或情绪均可引起冠状动脉暂时性和突发性收紧。
During a coronary artery dissection, the inside wall of one of your coronary arteries separates, which can block blood flow. Regardless of the cause, a blockage in either coronary artery prevents the oxygen and nutrients in your blood from reaching the part of your heart supplied by the artery.
冠状动脉夹层期间，其中一条冠状动脉内壁分离，这样就会阻断血流。无论病因是什么，任何一条冠状动脉阻塞均会阻止血液中的氧气和营养物质到达由动脉供血的心脏部分。
As a result, heart muscle in that area starts to die. Death of part of your heart muscle is called a heart attack. It's also known as a myocardial infarction or MI. A blocked coronary artery may also cause you to feel sudden pain, discomfort, tightening, or a burning sensation in your chest called angina. This pain may extend to your upper abdomen, shoulders, arms, neck, and lower jaw.
因此，该区域的心肌开始死亡。部分心肌死亡称为心脏病发作，也称心肌梗死或MI。冠状动脉阻滞可能会引发突发性疼痛、不适、紧迫感、或胸口烧灼感，即心绞痛。疼痛可能会延伸至上腹部、双肩、双臂、颈部和下颚。
If you have angina when you're at rest, or frequent angina that prevents even moderate physical activity, you have unstable angina, which is the main symptom of acute coronary syndrome. Other symptoms of acute coronary syndrome include shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, and sweating.
休息时出现心绞痛，或频繁心绞痛引起无法进行适量体力活动时，可能患有不稳定性心绞痛。不稳定性心绞痛是急性冠状动脉综合征的主要症状。其他症状包括呼吸短促、眩晕、恶心和出汗。
If you've had a heart attack or have other types of acute coronary syndrome, your doctor may prescribe oxygen therapy to get more oxygen into your blood. You may take aspirin or other prescription blood-thinner drugs to prevent blood clots. Thrombolytics also known as clot-buster drugs may be used to break up any existing blood clots.
如果心脏病发作或出现其他类型的急性冠状动脉综合征，医生可能会采取氧疗，使更多的氧气进入血液。患者可以服用阿司匹林或其他血液稀释处方药以预防血栓。溶栓药物，也称血栓通药可用于分解任何现有的血凝块。
Drugs such as nitroglycerin and morphine will relax your coronary arteries and relieve the pain of angina. You may also receive drugs called beta blockers that slow down your heart and reduce its need for oxygen. Your doctor may also recommend immediate surgical procedures, such as coronary angioplasty in which a balloon-tipped catheter inflates inside your blocked coronary artery to open it.
诸如硝酸甘油和吗啡这类的药物可以舒缓冠状动脉，减轻心绞痛。β受体阻滞剂可以减缓心跳，减少血氧需求量，因此患者也可以服用这类药物。医生也可能建议立即手术，如冠状动脉血管成形术，球囊导管可以扩张阻塞的冠状动脉。
After inflating, the balloon catheter may leave behind a mesh-like device called a stent to hold your artery open. Or you may have a coronary artery bypass graft, or CABG. CABG is a surgical procedure in which the blocked areas of the coronary arteries are bypassed with veins or artificial graft material. Seek treatment immediately if you have the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome.
扩张后，气囊导管可能会遗留下网状的装置，即支架，用于保持动脉畅通。患者还可以采取冠状动脉旁落移植术，或CABG。CABG是一种外科手术，它运用静脉或人造移植材料绕过冠状动脉阻滞区域。如果出现急性冠状动脉综合征症状，请立即就医！
