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(1) Did you have a good dinner?您这顿饭吃得满意吗？ (2) That altered, frightened, fat face, told his secret well enough.他的胖脸吓得走了样子，使他心里的打算也就充分地泄露了出来。 (3) During January, February, and part of March, the deep snows, and after their melting, the almost impassable roads prevented our stirring beyond the garden wails, except to go to church.一月、二月，还有三月的部分时间，雪积得厚厚的，一旦融化，道路就几乎无法通行，我们除了去教堂做礼拜以外，不到花园围墙外面去活动。 (4) He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.他说的意思矛盾百出，一会儿一个样，变得很快，这习惯真叫人受不了。 (5) Many incipient crises with Soviet Union have been contained or settled without ever reaching the point of public disagreement.对苏关系中许多危机在发生之初，还没有发展到分歧公开化的时候就受到遏制或解决了。 (6) This film is a dramatic treatment of a threatened stoppage in a factory.本片用戏剧手法，表现了一家工厂面临罢工威胁的情况。 Teacher’s notes： 上述译文集各家之长（包括翻译界名人和评论家），具有一定的权威性，因此可以据之立论。这些句子的难点全在于句中的定语。仔细对照原文和译文可发现，英语定语译法并不固定，可以而且有时必须灵活处理。灵活也不是没有规律，最明显的一条就是：英语的定语往往译成汉语的表语或谓语。如1句，一般用于问刚用过餐的人对饮食是否满意，如果译成“你吃了一顿好饭吗？”表面似乎很对应，实际上未能达意，无法达到交际目的，原因就在good一词的处理上。人们对句子的重点缺乏足够的重视，每个词都同等对待，这是造成译文失真的重要因素之一。句子可分为主位和述位两部分，主位表示已知信息，述位表示未知信息（新信息），后者是交际的重点，人们注意的中心正是这一部分。汉语的主位和述位基本上就是主语和谓语，也就是说谓语是新知信息，是句子的重点；英语却并不如此固定。汉语一般来说形容词在句中作定语表示已知信息，作表语表示新知信息。但英语却可以把新知信息放在定语上，如果按照英语办法译成汉语定语，就会把新知信息丢掉，从而达不到交际目的。这就是为什么要把表达新知信息的英语定语译成汉语表语或谓语的语言学和信息论的依据。第4句三个作定语的形容词都译成了谓语，其中尤其强调disconcerting，成为全句的重点，放在句尾强调位置。如译成“他有个令人不舒服的习惯， 那就是……”强调点就转移了。 Passage 8 The urgency(生之切) If a man is ever(used to express surprise)竟然 going to admit that he belongs to the earth, not the other way round, it probalby will be in late June. Then it is that life（自然生机） surpasses man’s affairs（人事） with credible(convincing) urgency and outreaches (to reach beyond) him in every direction. Even the farmers, on whom we all depend for the substance of existence, knows then that the best he can do is coordiante with wind and weather, soil and seed. The incalculable energy of chlorophyll ['klɔ:rəfil], the green leaf itself, dominates the earth, and the root in the soil is the inescapable fact. Even the roadside weed ignores man’s legislation(主宰地位). The urgency is everywhere. Grass blankets the earth, reaching for the sun, spreads its roots, flowers and comes to seed. The forest widens its canopy['kænəpi], strengthens its boles, nurtures its seedlings, ripens its perpetuating nuts. The birds nest and hatch their fledglings young bird that has just fledged or become capable of flying. The beetle and the bee are busy at the grassroot and the blossom, and the butterfly lays eggs that will hatch and crawl and eat and pupate and take to the air once more. Fish spawn and meadow voles havest the wild meadows, and owls and foxes feed their young. Dragonflies and swallows and nighthawks seine the air where the minute winged creatures flit out their life span. And man, who glibly calls the earth his own, neither powers the leaf nor energizes the fragile wing. Man participates, but his dominance is limited. It is the urgency of life, or growth, that rules. Late June and early Summer are the ultimate, unarguable proof. 译文： 只争朝夕的迫切性/生之切 如果竟然有人打算承认他是属于地球而不是相反，那很可能就是六月下旬这样的时候。正是在这个时候，无处不在的自然生机超越人事，如此迫切，如此让人无法抗拒。甚至农民（我们靠其生产的粮食赖以生存）也知道这时最好是顺应风雨天候，适时播种。主宰大地的是叶绿素无限的能量和绿叶自己，土壤中的根就是这一点的最好证明。即便是路边的杂草也都无视主宰这个世界的人类蔓生/疯长起来。 到处都是那种欣欣向荣的景象。绿草如茵铺满大地，奋发向上争取阳光；生根发芽，开花结子。森林华盖如荫，树干越长越大，滋养着幼苗，催熟了果实。鸟雀营巢，孵出小鸟。甲虫在草间忙忙碌碌，蜜蜂在花丛里辛勤劳动。蝴蝶产卵，孵出小爬虫、学着捕食、化蛹到振翅飞翔，循环往复。鱼在水里产卵，田鼠在荒野上觅食。猫头鹰和狐狸在哺育幼仔。蜻蜓、燕子和夜莺在空中布控起天罗地网，小小的昆虫在空中飞呀飞的便结束了它们短暂的生命。 人类只是他们侈谈地球属于他们，可是既不能给叶子以能量无法给脆弱的翅膀以力量。人类参与其中，但却无法主宰。生之切统治着这个世界。6月下旬和初夏时节便是这一点无可争议的终极证明。
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来自： 业成608 > 《定语分词不定式动名词》
