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本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2015-8-3 23:08 编辑 今天讨论issue写作的核心问题，如何在拿到issue题目后想出三个靠谱的分论点。解决这个问题最直接的方法就是去看范文。 目前我的6分博客里有53篇issue范文。想拿高分的同学应该把这些文章全部看一遍，总结其中立论的方法。我这里先分析几篇。 1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. There is no doubt that modern people have become increasingly dependent on advanced technologies to solve many problems in different fields. Whether or not our abilities to think independently would deteriorate over time depends on the specific roles we play in the modern society. For people who develop the technologies to solve problems, their abilities to think will be sharpened continuously as they have to refine the technologies to meet new demands of the end users. For people who participate in the policy making regarding the use of technologies, their thinking capabilities will also improve as they are forced to ponder on the fundamental problems related to technology and society. Nevertheless, the statement may hold true for those people who do not actively seek opportunities for critical and creative thinking in this technology-driven society. 这一篇的立论明显是将人进行分类。 2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. The most important characteritics of a society include its political system, economic structure and the public school system. To understand each of the aspects of the society, it is important to study its major cities as well as smaller towns and the rural areas because the political, economic and educational institutions differ greatly among major cities, small towns and rural areas.
这道题的难点在于社会的重要特征没有清晰界定，根本没法展开写。但这也为我们提供了发挥的空间。于是我将重要特征具体化为政治体制、经济结构和公立学校体系。通过具体化题目里的重要概念来形成一个立论的框架。
3) Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position. I strongly agree that students should be discouraged from concentrating on a particular major if they do not have the academic preparation or talents to perform well in that area. Following the advice from the schools, students will focus on areas of studies that are more suitable for them and enjoy their school life better. Intervention of schools can also help address the problem of unemployment at societal level. With regard to the concern over the accuracy of prediction schools could make about students’ success, the academic staff could make assessment based on students’ past academic records and their results of different psychometric tests.
这道题的要求是回应可能的挑战。这类题虽然需要动脑筋想挑战及如何回应，但前面的分论点就只用写两个了。 这篇的立论没有分情况讨论，也没有界定关键概念，而是引入一些相关的概念或者价值观。因为这道题其实是属于“学校应该如何”的命题。学校应该怎样或者学校的责任是什么？这里学校的责任当然包括对学生的责任和对社会的责任。本文的基本前提是学校有责任让学生学习适合自己的内容及享受学习生活，也有责任减轻社会的失业问题。这些都是题目没有涉及的内容，但是却和主题success息息相关。很多同学面临的没有话说的问题，其中一个解决方案就是要联想到这些题目没有提到但是和题目的主题又关联紧密的概念。这就是我所说的干货。
再看这一题 4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position. With the development of modern mass media, scandals are almost ubiquitous. Hardly can a day go by without some news reporting scandals involving high-profiles politicians, atheletes or movie stars. While it is true that scadals often attract public attention and may expose certain problems, I do not believe that they are useful in solving social problems as they often focus public attention on the wrong issues and can hardly maintain public attention for a sufficiently long time. After elaborating these two points, I will also address the argument that scandals can usefully create pressure for the government to introduce reforms.
这道题的论点是基于attention这个概念延伸的。题目说的是丑闻能以某种其他人无法做到的方式集中公众注意力到某些问题上去。这里题目的重点在于集中注意力的方式。那么我就指出这种注意力的聚集存在的两个问题，一个是公众的注意力的方向可能不对，一个是时间不够长。这些都是干货。最后反驳的部分我个人觉得也写得很出彩，有兴趣的同学可以看看。
5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
Due to the development of modern technology, many people are concerned about how to preserve their nations’ cultural traditions and promote their national identities for the new generations who have been exposed to globalised culture with little local flavour. Since government resources are limited, it is argued that major cities should be the top priority for financial support because the cultural traditions are generated and preserved here. While I agree that major cities are important for preserving and generating cultural tradition, other areas are equally important in many countries. Since cultural programs in major cities can receive support from different financial sources such as advertising, donation of city residents and big corporations, government money should be invested to programs in small towns and rural regions where resources from private sectors are not available.
这道题里的干货主要是指出政府资助不是城市文化项目的唯一经费来源，还有来自私人基金会和游客门票等收入。 6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position. To improve the quality of pre-college education, it is often proposed that all students should be required to study the same national curriculum. I agree that adopting the same curriculum for schools across the nation would be helpful for students and teachers from less developed regions to get more support and for universities around the nations to evaluate applicants more objectively. Nevertheless, we need to be careful of the danger of the national government to advance its own political agenda through this national curriculum.
这道题的关键是要考虑这个政策的好处和弊端在哪里，因此需要题目没有提及的概念作为干货。前两个分论点是从教育交流与资源共享的角度以及大学招生的角度来考虑。第三点是从政府对教育的意识形态控制这个角度考虑。
7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. Despite the industrialization of modern society, the arts and related activities are vital part of our daily life which provide important opportunities for entertainment, education and reflection. While I agree that government funding is necessary for arts to flourish and for ordinary people to enjoy arts, the concern that government funding may compromise the integrity of arts is a valid one. In my opinion, therefore, it is important for the government to sponsor arts indirectly through an independent committee as an antidote to potential threat of government funding to the integrity of arts.
在这里附上中间三段的主题句，方便大家了解本文的思路。 As a threshold matter, government funding and sponsorship are essential to the development of arts. On the other hand, it is understandable to worry that the government's funding may threaten the integrity of arts and artists. Given the tension between the need of government support on the one hand and the threat of government funding to the integrity of arts on the other, I would argue that the best solution is to create an independent commission that distributes government funding in a politically neutral way.
这道题的两个观点-政府资助必要和政府资助威胁艺术创作的独立性，我分别在中间第一、第二段讨论。这两段结束的时候两个观点之间的矛盾并没有调解，反而更加突出。这也是为什么我不赞成所谓的正反合的写法，因为正反写完之后再想自圆其说是很困难的。但这道题是例外，因为中间第三段很巧妙的提出了一个折衷的解决方案。除非能有这么好的干货，一般不建议使用正反合。 这里介绍了7篇范文的立论思路。希望大家能从中体会到如何想出三个靠谱的分论点。今天的任务是结合自己练习的体验，谈一下哪一些立论的策略对自己比较有用以及可能遇到的问题。写完后可以附上一篇习作的链接。 |
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