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过去分词 过去分词表示的意义是被动和完成。 1. （1）过去分词作定语, 既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语；也可放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。 Where are the reserved seats?(=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)预订的座位在哪儿？ （2）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思，而表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。 There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天有很多落叶。 常用的这一类词有：fallen,faded,returned, retired,risen,grown up等。 2. 分词作状语 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语分句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语分句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。 Working hard (If you work hard),you will succeed. 努力工作你就会成功。 Defeated(=Though he was defeated),he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被打败了，他仍然是一个很受欢迎的拳击手。 3.不定式与分词作定语的比较 不定式与分词都可作定语；不定式作定语表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语指正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语指过去的动作。 The question to be discussed is of great importance. 即将讨论的问题非常重要。 The question being discussed is of great importance. 正在讨论问题非常重要。 The question discussed is of great importance. 讨论过的那个问题非常重要。 4. （1）with+名词（代词）+副词 With Mr.Smith away, we’ve got more room. 史密斯先生走后，空间大多了。 （2）with+名词（代词）+介词短语 The man was walking on the street,with a book under his arm.那个人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。 （3）with+名词（代词）+动词不定式 With all the work to do,I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. 有那么多工作要做，我不知道还有没有时间出去。 （4）with+名词（代词）+现在分词 In part of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. 在亚洲的一些国家里，你不能跷着腿坐着，把脚尖指向另外一个人。 （5）with+名词（代词）+过去分词 The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back. 谋杀犯被带了进来，他的双手被反绑着。 （6）with+名词（代词）+名词 He left home,with his wife a hopeless soul. 他走了，妻子十分伤心。 1. ________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 2. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn 3. When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 4. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 5. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 6. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 7. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 8. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 9. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 10. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, __________. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 11. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 答案1-5CABCB 6——11ABBA B B |
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