Introducingquestions, problems and limitations: theory or argument The main weaknesswith this theory is that … The key problem with this explanation is that … However, this theory does not fully explain why … One criticism of much of the literature on X is that … However, there is an inconsistency with this argument. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that … One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether … Smith’s argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of … Smith’s interpretation overlooks much of the historical research … Many writers have challenged Smith’s claim on the grounds that … Smith’s analysis does not take account of X, nor does he examine … It seems that Jones’ understanding of the X framework is questionable. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why…
Introducingquestions, problems and limitations: method or practice One majordrawback of this approach is that … Selection bias is another potential concern because … Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that … The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is … Non-government agencies are also very critical of the new policies. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that … Critics of laboratory-based experiments contend that such studies … Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account. Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy. Critics have also argued that not only do surveys provide an inaccurate measureof X, but the … Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agenciesand academics. offering constructive suggestions The studywould have been more interesting if it had included … These studies would have been more useful if they had focused on … The study would have been more relevant if the researchers had asked … The questionnaire would have been more useful if it had asked participants about… The research would have been more relevant if a wider range of X had beenexplored A morecomprehensive study would include all the groups of … A better study would examine a large, randomly selected sample of societieswith … A much more systematic approach would identify how X interacts with othervariables that are believed to be linked to … Highlighting inadequacies of previous studies Previousstudies of X have not dealt with … Researchers have not treated X in much detail. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they … Most studies in the field of X have only focused on … Such approaches, however, have failed to address … Previous published studies are limited to local surveys. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether … The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y. Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent. Smith’s analysis does not take account of …, nor does she examine … The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. Most studies of X have only been carried out in a small number of areas. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature … The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparisons of … However, few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into … Short-term studies such as these do not necessarily show subtle changes overtime … Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study existswhich … However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it isunclear if … The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no generalagreement about …
Introducing general criticism Criticsquestion the ability of poststructuralist theory to provide … Non-government agencies are also very critical of the new policies. Smith’s meta-analysis has been subjected to considerable criticism. The most important of these criticisms is that Smith failed to note that … The X theory has been vigorously challenged in recent years by a number ofwriters. These claims have been strongly contested in recent years by a number ofwriters. More recent arguments against X have been summarised by Smith and Jones (1982): Critics have also argued that not only do surveys provide an inaccurate measureof X, but the … Many analysts now argue that the strategy of X has not been successful. Jones(2003), for example, argues that …
Introducing thecritical stance of particular writers Jones (2003)has also questioned why … However, Jones (2003) points out that … The author challenges the widely held view that … Smith (1999) takes issue with the contention that … The idea that … was first challenged by Smith (1992). Smith is critical of the tendency to compartmentalise X. However, Smith (1967) questioned this hypothesis and … Smith (1980) broke with tradition by raising the question of … Jones (2003) has challenged some of Smith’s conclusions, arguing that … Another major criticism of Smith’s study, made by Jones (2003), is that … Jones (2003) is critical of the conclusions that Smith draws from his findings. An alternative interpretation of the origins of X can be found in Smith (1976). Jones (2003) is probably the best known critic of the X theory. He argues that… In her discussion of X, Smith further criticises the ways in which some authors… Smith’s decision to reject the classical explanation of X merits somediscussion … The latter point has been devastatingly critiqued by Jones (2003), who arguesthat … In a recent article in Academic Journal, Smith (2014) questions the extent towhich … A recently published article by Smith et al. (2011) casts doubt on Jones’ assumption that … Other authors (see Harbison, 2003; Kaplan, 2004) question the usefulness ofsuch an approach.
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