CARNAUBAWAX
Preparedatthe51stJECFA(1998),publishedinFNP52Add6(1998)
supersedingspecificationspreparedatthe44thJECFA(1995),publishedin
FNP52Add3(1995).ADI0-7mg/kgbw,establishedatthe39thJECFAin
1992.
SYNONYMS
INSNo.903
DEFINITION
TherefinedwaxobtainedfromthefrondsoftheBraziliantropicalpalmtree
Coperniciacerifera(Arruda)Mart.[syn.C.purnifera(Muell.)];acomplex
mixtureofseveralchemicalcompounds,predominantlyesters,e.g.,
-aliphaticesters(straight-chainacidswitheven-numberedcarbonchainsfrom
C
24
toC
28
andstraight-chainalcoholswitheven-numberedcarbonchainsfrom
C
30
toC
34
),
-alpha-hydroxyesters(straight-chainhydroxyacidswitheven-numbered
carbonchainsfromC
22
toC
28
,straight-chainacidswitheven-numbered
carbonchainsfromC
24
toC
28
,straight-chainmonohydricalcoholswitheven-
numberedcarbonchainsfromC
24
toC
34
anddihydricalcoholswitheven-
numberedcarbonchainsfromC
24
toC
34
)
-cinnamicaliphaticdiesters(p-methoxycinnamicacidanddihydricalcohols
witheven-numberedcarbonchainsfromC
24
toC
34
)
Italsocontainsfreeacids(straight-chainacidswitheven-numberedcarbon
chainsfromC
24
toC
28
),freealcohols(straight-chainalcoholswitheven-
numberedcarbonchainsfromC
30
toC
34
),hydrocarbons(straight-chainodd-
numberedcarbonchainsfromC
27
toC
31
)andresins.
C.A.S.number
8015-86-9
DESCRIPTION
Apaleyellowtolightbrown,hardandbrittlesolid,havingacleanfracture
FUNCTIONALUSES
Glazingagent,bulkingagent,acidityregulator,carrier
CHARACTERISTICS
IDENTIFICATION
Solubility(Vol.4)
Insolubleinwater;partiallysolubleinboilingethanol;solubleinether
Meltingrange(Vol.4)
80-86o
PURITY
Acidvalue(Vol.4)
Between2and7
Saponificationvalue
(Vol.4)
Between78and95
Estervalue
Between71and93
SubtracttheAcidvaluefromtheSaponificationvaluetoobtaintheEstervalue.
Sulfatedash(Vol.4)
Notmorethan0.25%w/w
Heata2-gsampleinatared,openporcelainorplatinumdishoveranopen
flame.Itvolatilizeswithoutemittinganacridodour.Igniteasdescribedin
procedureforAsh(sulfatedash)MethodI.
Unsaponifiablematter
Between50%and55%
SeedescriptionunderTESTS
Lead(Vol.4)
Notmorethan2mg/kg
PrepareasamplesolutionasdirectedfororganiccompoundsintheLimitTest
anddeterminebyatomicabsorptionspectroscopy,Volume4
TESTS
PURITYTESTS
Unsaponifiablematter
Weighaccuratelyabout5gofthesampleintoa250-mlflask,addasolutionof
2gofpotassiumhydroxidein40mlethanol,andboilgentlyunderrefluxfor1
horuntilsaponificationiscomplete.Transferthecontentoftheflasktoa
glass-stopperedextractioncylinder(approximately30cminlength,3.5cmin
diameterandgraduatedat40,80and130ml).Washtheflaskwithsufficient
alcoholtoachieveavolumeof40mlinthecylinder,andcompletethetransfer
withwarmandthencoldwateruntilthetotalvolumeis80ml.Finallywashthe
flaskwithafewmlofpetroleumether,addthewashingstothecylinder,cool
thecontentsofthecylindertoroomtemperatureandadd50mlofpetroleum
ether.Insertthestopperandshakethecylindervigorouslyforatleast1min,
andallowbothlayerstobecomeclear.Siphontheupperetherlayeras
completelyaspossiblewithoutremovinganyofthelowerlayer,collectingthe
etherfractionina500-mlseparator.Repeatextractionandsiphoningatleast
sixtimeswith50-mlportionsofpetroleumether,shakingvigorouslyeachtime.
Washthecombinedextracts,withvigorousshaking,with25-mlportionsof
10%ethanoluntilthewashwaterisneutraltophenolphthalein,anddiscard
thewashings.Transfertheetherextracttoataredbeakerandrinsethe
separatorwith10-mlofether,addingtherinsingstothebeaker.Evaporatethe
etheratasteambathjusttodryness,anddrytheresiduetoconstantweight,
preferablyat75oto80oundervacuumofnotmorethan200mmofHg,orat
100ofor30min.Coolinadesiccatorandweightoobtainweightof
unsaponifiablematter.
Dissolvetheresiduein50mlofwarmneutralethanolandtitratewith0.02N
sodiumhydroxideusingphenolphthaleinasindicator.Eachmlof0.02N
sodiumhydroxideisequivalentto5.659mgoffattyacids,calculatedasoleic
acid.
Subtractthecalculatedweightoffattyacidsfromtheweightoftheresidueto
obtainthecorrectedweightofunsaponifiablematterinthesample.
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