此独立形式只是一个小短语,而不是主谓完整的简单句,又称之为独立分词构句。当分词意义上的主语不是主句的主语时,必须在分词前保留意义上的主语,否则语意不通。示例: Being ill in bed, I can't go to school. Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school. 1. 独立主结构形式可用以表时间,理由,条件,伴随状态等。 He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him. = He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him. Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow. = If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow. School being over, the boys went home. = When school was over, the boys went home. The sun having set, we arrived at the station. = After the sun had set, we arrived at the station. 王牌重点:当独立主格结构的主语表示“一般人”,如:we, one, you时,主语可省略,此用法常用于下列表达方式中: generally speaking 一般来说 strictly speaking 严格地说 talking of ... 谈到 speaking of ... 说到 judging from ... 由……来判断 taking all things into consideration 把一切都考虑在内 considering ... 考虑到…… [示例] If we judge from his face, he must be ill. = Judging from his face, he must be ill. He has lots of books if we consider that he is young. = He has lots of books, considering that he is young. 2.with 复合结构也是独立主格结构形式之一。这种结构在句中作状语(表示原因,方式,伴随等)和定语,作定语时紧随被修饰名词后。 (1) with+ 名词 + 介词短语 The woman with a baby on her back is my sister. The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand. (2) with + 名词 + adj. with the door open, he left the classroom. (3) with + 名词 + adv. With the gloves off, she felt cold. With the lights on, the building looks beautiful. (4) with + 名词 + 现在分词(主动) with + 名词 + 过去分词(被动) With the guide leading us, we got to the village. The boy was crying with the vase broken. (5) with + 名词 + 不定式 With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.
|