 Content: If you’re looking for a project management job, the list of skills that employers expect can be pretty daunting. Certifications aside, there seems to be dozens of skills required to do the job, and employers have high expectations from their applicants. 如果你正在寻找项目经理的职位，招聘单位对于该岗位的能力方面的一系列要求可能会让你望而却步。抛开证书不说，项目经理的岗位要求看起来需要一大堆的能力，而招聘单位对于职位申请人也是有非常高的期望值。 Don’t be put off by long job advertisements. Broadly, employers all want similar things from a project manager: someone who can get the job done with good grace and who won’t alienate the project team members. Technical skills are also important, but in reality there’s a finite list of what a good project manager needs to do a good job, however they are dressed up in flowery language for the advertisement by a recruitment consultant. 千万不要对长篇大论的招聘广告感到反感。总的来说，招聘单位都希望从项目经理身上得到类似的东西：作为一名项目经理，他/她能能够毫无怨言地完成工作，而且不会疏远项目团队成员。同时，技术能力也很重要，但实际上，要做好工作，一个优秀的项目经理需要一定的清单，然而，他们却用华丽的语言为招聘顾问做广告。 Here are the 7 critical skills that every project manager should have. 以下是每一位项目经理都应该具备的七大核心能力： 1. Scheduling 计划能力 What is a project manager without a plan? The project managers in your company probably walk around almost surgically attached to their project schedules, and being able to organise tasks in the right order to hit the right outcome at the right time is a major part of project management. 没有计划的项目经理算什么呢？在公司里，项目经理可能几乎是以精准的方式依赖于项目的计划，并且能够按照正确的顺序组织任务，以期在正确的时间达成正确的结果，这也是项目管理的一个重要部分。 Along with scheduling comes monitoring the progress as the project moves forward and making tweaks to ensure that everything stays on track. 伴随着计划，在项目推进环节，需要跟进项目进度，并做适当的调整，以确保项目所有事项处于正轨。 2. Resource allocation 资源分配能力 Resource allocation is closely linked to scheduling. It may sound like all you have to do is type names next to tasks on your project plan, but in reality there is a lot more to it than that. You have to find the right people, and negotiate with their managers to ensure that they are available at the right time to work on their project tasks. 资源分配能力与计划能力紧密相关，是的，听起来你所要做的就是在项目计划的任务的旁边输入名字，但它的实际意义远非如此。你必须找到合适的人，并与他们的经理进行洽谈，以确保他们能在合适的时间完成项目任务。 There’s delegation involved when you give tasks to individuals to complete, along with possibly coaching them or organising training if they don’t already have the skills. Then there are the technical aspects of updating the schedule, calculating whether someone is overloaded and balancing the work appropriately so that it all gets done without burning anyone out. 在你分配项目任务给单独的个人去完成时，你需要进行授权。如果他们还没有能力的话，可能还需要你去辅导，或者组织培训。然后，是技术层面的项目计划更新，计算是否有人工作量太大，并适当地对他们的工作进行平衡，以便所有工作都完成，而不会让有的人筋疲力尽。 All of this takes excellent communication skills, not least so that everyone on the project knows what it is they have to do and why. 所有这些，需要具备卓越的沟通技巧，尤其是项目上的所有人需要知道他们需要做什么，为什么要去做。 3. Risk management 风险管理能力 Things go wrong on projects; experienced project managers know this and plan for it. Managing the unexpected in a calm way is another important skill for a project manager, even if it might feel that you are being pessimistic at times! Sitting around debating all the things that could trip you up with your team isn’t the most cheerful way to spend an afternoon, but it’s important if you want to get as prepared as you can for what might hit your project in the future. 项目上一旦出错，有经验的项目经理都会知道，并为之做计划。即使有时你可能感到悲观，但沉着冷静地管理突发事件，这是项目经理的另一项重要的能力！坐在一起辩论，并不是消磨一整个下午的最愉快的方式，这可能会让你和你的项目团队出现失误，而如果你想为将来可能对你的项目产生严重影响的事情做准备的话，这将是非常重要的。 On top of risk identification you also have to plan what to do about them. This involves using risk management strategies that are suitable for the risk and the appetite in the company or team for things going wrong. These action plans need to be incorporated into your main plan and tracked as well. 除了风险识别，你还必须为如何去处理风险做计划。这包括使用风险管理策略，以适应公司或团队的出错的风险和异常。这些行动计划需要融入到你的项目主计划当中，也需要进行跟踪。 4. Budgeting 预算能力 A project costs money, even if it is just your time spent on it. Increasingly, project managers are having to track their own expenses and budget, often without formal templates or support from the finance department. This also includes forecasting, especially if your project will last long enough to push some of the budget into the next financial year. As a minimum, you’ll have to work out how to spend what you’ve been allocated and whether it is enough to deliver what the project sponsor is expecting. 项目需要花钱，哪怕只是花时间在上面的项目。这通常没有正式的模板，或财务部门的支持，而越来越多的项目经理不得不跟踪自己的开支和预算。这还包括预测，尤其是如果项目能持续到下一个财年的预算。至少，你必须考虑如何去分配你所分配的项目，以及是否足以交付给项目发起者所期望的。 You’ll need to be able to use a spreadsheet application and have confidence that you know how to handle the numbers. There are also likely to be company-specific processes to follow to actually procure services, receive goods and spend money paying invoices. Some companies will expect you to use earned value analysis: it will say this in the job ad if that’s the case, although if you don’t have experience in this please don’t let it put you off applying, as it is something you can learn once they hire you. 你需要能够使用电子表格应用程序，并对知道如何处理这些数字充满有信心。也有可能是公司特定的流程来进行采购，收取货物和花钱付发票金额。有些公司会期望你去使用挣值分析法：在这种情况下，招聘单位会在招聘广告中这样说，但如果你没有这方面的经验，也请不要放弃申请该项目经理的岗位，因为，一旦被录用，你就可以去学习挣值分析。 5. Team management 团队管理能力 Assuming that you aren’t the only resource on the project, you’ll be managing a team of people. They could have a lot of project experience, or none, but either way they will be looking to you for advice and guidance about how to get this project done. 假设你不是项目的唯一寄托，你会管理一个团队。项目团队成员可能有很多项目经验，或者没有经验，但无论哪种，在如何完成项目方面，他们都会找你给予建议和指导。 Team management skills sound a bit vague and include motivation, leadership, coaching, inspiring others and all that. But really it’s about making sure that they have what they need to get their bits of the project done, whether that’s equipment, skills, cash or just the space to get on with it. 团队管理技能，听起来有一点模糊，其包括：激励、领导、辅导，以及激励他人，等等。实际上，这是为了确保他们能得到所需要的项目，无论是设备上，技能上，现金方面，还是仅仅是项目继续的余量。 There is a lot of administration in project management and managing a team is no different. As well as all the interpersonal skills stuff you’ll be expected to track holidays and sickness absence, keep their line managers updated on progress and maybe contribute to their end of year reviews. 在项目管理中存在大量的管理，而团队管理并没有什么不同之处。除了所有的人际关系技巧上的内容，你也应该去跟踪项目团队成员的假期和病假，让他们的直线经理及时了解项目进度，这可能对项目团队成员的年度总结有所帮助。 6. Change management 变更管理能力 Just as you can always expect to hit something unexpected, you can also always expect something to change on your project. As the project customer and stakeholders get a better idea of what you are delivering they are likely to have some 'good ideas’ to put forward. Or you’ll realise that you can’t do things exactly as you had planned and need to change your approach. Or you’ll find that it is impossible to deliver everything in the timescales and you need to drop something out of scope. For whatever reason, as a project manager you have to be able to handle changes. 正如你可以一直期望碰到意想不到的事情一样，你也可以期望项目上能有所改变。当项目客户和股东对你所交付的东西有更好的了解时，他们可能会提出一些不错的想法。或者，你可能会意识到你并不能按计划行事，那么，你需要改变你的方法。否则，你会发现在时间范围内，是不可能去交付所有东西的，你需要放弃一些超出能力范围的东西。作为项目经理，无论什么原因，你都必须有能力处理变更。 Change management isn’t difficult. It’s mainly about recording and assessing each change request, and making sure that it is approved or rejected by someone in authority. Get your team to do a full analysis of the impact of the change on the project and the approve/reject decisions should be straightforward as you’ll easily be able to see whether the change will cost you money or time. Then your sponsor can make a decision about whether it is worth going ahead. 变更管理并不难。变更管理，主要是记录和评估每一项变更申请，并确保其被主管批准或拒掉。让你的团队对变更在项目的影响做全面的分析，直接批准或者拒绝，因为，你很容易就能看出变更是否会花费资金或者时间。然后，项目发起人就可以决定该项目是否值得继续推行下去。 7. Issue management 问题管理能力 When you do hit a problem on a project, a successful project manager knows how to deal with the issue in a way that minimises the disruption and allows an action plan to be put in place with the least fuss possible. You may already have identified the action plan, especially if you saw the problem on the horizon and added it to your risk register with a list of what to do if it did happen. 项目遇到问题时，成功的项目经理知道如何以一种最大限度地减少破坏的方式去处理，实施某个行动计划，并将紧张不安控制到最小程度。你可能已经确定了行动计划，特别是当你看到即将爆发的问题的时候，请将“如果问题确实发生了，应该怎么办”添加到风险登记清单中。 Even if you didn’t do that, it is important to handle issues quickly and with a recognised process. Many companies will already have issue management processes in place, but if you are hoping to join a company that doesn’t, stick to the basics: record the issue, assess the impact on the project and then come up with a strategy to deal with it. 即使你没有那样做，用经过认可的流程去迅速处理问题也是非常重要的。很多公司已经有了适当的问题管理流程，而如果你希望加入一个不需要问题管理流程的公司，那就坚持这几项基本原则：记录问题，评估对项目的影响，然后，想出一个策略来进行处理。 You probably can’t deal with it by yourself, so you’ll need to get your team and subject matter experts involved as soon as possible. Collectively, you will be able to come up with a solution—stay positive! 也许，你并不能自己去处理问题，因此，你需要尽快地让你的团队和项目方面的专家参与进来。总而言之，你是能想出解决办法的，请保持积极的态度！ The job ad that catches your attention may have many more skills listed than these seven, but these are the ones to focus on. If you don’t have experience in these areas, don’t worry. Each project you work on builds your experience and your confidence. 吸引你注意力的招聘项目经理的广告，可能会有列出比这七项能力更多的技能，但以上七项技能是核心技能。如果你在这些方面没有经验，也不要担心！你所从事的每一个项目都会让你能积累经验和信心。 Even if you aren’t managing the project yourself at the moment you can still make a note of how you have contributed to each of these project management processes or techniques and use these at the interview to demonstrate your understanding of what project management is all about. Good luck! 即使你目前还没有亲自管理这个项目，你仍然可以记下你是如何为每一个项目管理流程，或者技术做出贡献的，并在面试中使用这些来展示你对项目管理的理解。祝你好运! 【特别提醒】 |
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