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1. The Organization of a Ship’s Crew(船员) The man in charge of a ship is the Master(船长). He is responsible(负责) for the ship, her cargo and the safety of the crew. He is addressed as “Captain”. There are three departments on board, Deck, Engine, Catering Departments(甲板部、轮机部、后勤事务部). Each department is made up of a varied number of officers(高级船员), petty officers(中级船员) and ratings(普通船员). The Chief Officer(大副), or First Mate as he is often called, is the Master’s chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted (协助) by a Second Officer (Mate) (二副), a Third Officer (Mate) (三副), and sometimes a Fourth Officer (Mate) or a Junior Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) (水手长), a carpenter(木匠), both petty officers, and a number of ratings. These are made up of Able Seamen(AB: 一水), Ordinary Seamen (OS: 二水) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands (EDH). On some ships Deck Cadets(实习生) are carried for training purposes. The Chief Engineer (轮机长) is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second Engineer(大管轮), Third Engineer(二管轮), Fourth Engineer (三管轮)and sometimes Fifth Engineer or Junior Engineer. The engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper(仓库保管员) and donkeyman (副司炉). On tankers there is also a Pumpman(泵工). He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen(生火工) and Greasers(加油工). There may also be Engineer Cadets. The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward(事务长). It is divided into a saloon (大台，会客厅，接待室) and galley(厨房) section. The former is headed by the Second Steward(二管事), the latter by the Ship’s Cook(大厨). They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards (服务生) and cooks, and by a number of junior ratings.
2. The Deck Department Deck department: 1) navigate the ship safely and economically from port(港口) to port; 2) see that cargo is stowed(v. 装载) properly in the holds and kept in good condition(处于良好状态) during the voyage(航行，航次). Master: He is an experienced navigator and usually works out the best course(航向). Chief officer: 1)He is responsible for the stowage(n. 配载) of cargo; 2)when the ship is not fully loaded, he must see that the holds are cleaned and prepared for their next cargo. 3)He works out programme of maintenance(保养) for each day 4) He also looks after the general day-to-day running of the department and deals with any problems. Second officer: He is responsible to the Master for keeping the ship on course and for looking after all the equipment used for navigation. Third officer: He is in charge of(负责) the life-saving(救生) and fire-fighting(消防) equipment.
Bosun: The Bosun sees that his orders and those of other deck officers are carried out by the crew. He is a man with a lot of knowledge and practical experience in seamanship. Carpenter: 1)His most important regular job is to sound(测深) the tanks(液货舱) and bilges(污水舱，舭部) in order to check(检查) the depth of liquid in them. 2)He also operates(操作) the windlass(锚机), when the anchors(锚) are being raised or lowered. Ratings: They do constant cleaning, painting(油漆) and repairing(修理) work. 3. Watchkeeping(值班) The 24-hour-period on board the vessel is divided into 6 shifts, or watches. Each watch lasts 4 hours. 4-12-8: Chief Officer stands all four-o’clock watches. Second Officer stands the twelve-o’clock watches. Third Officer stands the eight-o’clock watches. |
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