Lesson 12 Weather Forecast

1. A brief introduction to weather reports

A typical weather report normally includes three parts: 

• Warning 警报 (Gale 大风/ storm 风暴/ hurricane 飓风/ typhoon 台风 warnings)

• Synoptic situation 大势分析 (=general situation/ synopsis/ summary)

• Forecast 预报 (effective for 12 or 24 hours). 

2. Some abbreviations (缩略词) used in the weather reports

e= east      东

s= south         南

w= west         西

n= north             北

ne= northeast         东北

nw= northwest         西北

es= southeast        东南

ene= eastnortheast      东北东

wsw= westsouthwest       西南西

km= kilometer      千米

ml= mile            海里

mb= millibar            毫巴(压力单位)

ely= easterly         偏东

wly= westerly            偏西

vis= visibility         能见度

temp= temperature         温度

tempo= temporary         临时的

press= pressure           压力

baro= barometer           气压计

deg= degree             度

mod= moderate               中等

slw= slow         慢

max= maximum        最大

min= minimum         最小       

sit.= situation        情况

wx= weather         天气                 

wrng= warning          警报

obsy= observatory          气象台

GMT= Greenwich Mean Time  格林尼治标准时间

msg= message      信文

pd= period           时期

pt= point            点

3. Typhoon warning (台风警报内容)

• Typhoon number and name    台风的编号和名称

• Pressure in mb       气压的毫巴数

• the centre position of typhoon 台风的中心位置

• moving direction and force     移动方向和速度

• reliability and position of observation 位置的可靠性和观测位置 

• max wind in the centre of typhoon 中心附近的最大风速 

• wind speed in radius of area    半径区域的风速

• forecast date, time and position  预报日期，时间和位置 

Example:

Typhoon warning: Typhoon Cary 976 HPA at 28°30’N, 155°35’ E moving northeast 12 knots. Maximum winds 70 knots near centre. Radius of over 50 knots 75 miles. Radius of over 30 knots winds 175 miles. Forecast position for 0000 hours UTC at 31°50’N 155°05’E. 

注：HPA=hectopascal 百帕

4. Synoptic situation (大势分析内容)

• number of mbs of high or low pressure (高/低压毫巴数)；

• position (位置)；

• moving direction and speed (移动方向，速度)；

• max wind near centre(近中心最大风速)；

• front moving(锋系)；

• high pressure ridge/low pressure trough (高压脊/低压槽)。 

Example: 

SUMMARY:

LOW 1000 AT 31N 107E ENE 10 KTS

LOW 996 AT 42N 111E ESE 10 KTS

LOW 1002 AT 57N 111E STATIONARY

HIGH 1012 AT 43N 153E NE 10 KTS

COLD FRONT FROM 34N 159E TO 42N 160E

WARM FRONT FROM 42N 160E TO 41N 163E

 注：KTS=knots 节　STATIONARY  静止

        COLD FRONT 冷锋　WARM FRONT 暖锋

5. Forecast (天气预报内容)

• name of broadcasting station  (发送台名; 预报区)

• broadcasting time and valid time  (发送时间和有效时间) 

• state of clouds: clear/fine/overcast/cloudy/partly cloudy (云况: 晴/阴/多云/少云) 

• rains: drizzle/overcast with rain/rain patches/scattered rain/showers/thunder shower/squally shower/thunder storm 

      (雨况: 毛毛雨/阴有雨/小片地区有雨/零星阵雨/阵雨/雷阵雨/狂风阵雨/雷暴雨)

• wind direction and speed (风向风速) 

• state of sea: slight/moderate/rough (海况: 轻浪/中浪/巨浪) 

• visibility: poor/moderate/good (能见度: 不良/中等/良好) 

Example: 

Singapore Radio 

Part three forecast valid 12 hours from 181200

Area Phuket and Malacca: winds northeasterly 10 to 15 knots, weather isolated showers, sea slight. 

Area Tioman and Bunguran: winds northwesterly to northeasterly 10 to 15 knots, weather scattered showers, sea slight. 

Area Condore and Reef north: winds northeasterly 15 to 25 knots, weather scattered showers, sea moderate to rough. 

注: valid 有效      isolated showers 局部阵雨      scattered showers 零星阵雨