1. 基本颜色1.1 palette()1.1.1 palette的默认颜色palette() ## [1] 'black' 'red' 'green3' 'blue' 'cyan' 'magenta' 'yellow' ## [8] 'gray' pie(rep(1,8), col=palette(), border = palette(), labels = palette(), main = 'palette') 1.1.2 重新定义palette超过palette(rainbow(10))的颜色数量后,颜色会循环使用 par(mfrow = c(1, 2),mai=c(0.1,0.1,0.5,0.1))palette(rainbow(10))pie(rep(1,20), col=palette(), border = palette(), labels = '', main = 'palette(rainbow(10))')palette(gray(0:12 / 12))pie(rep(1,12), col=palette(), border = palette(), labels = '', main = 'palette(gray(0:8/12))') 改为palette默认的基本颜色,R重启后会自动恢复 palette('default') 1.2 colors()colors()含有657种颜色名称 par(mfrow = c(1, 2),mai=c(0.1,0.1,0.5,0.1))pie(rep(1,657), col=colors(), border = colors(), labels = '', main = 'colors()')pie(rep(1,27), col=colors()[grep('red', colors())], border = colors()[grep('red', colors())], labels = '', main = 'colors()[grep('red', colors())]') 2. 色彩空间2.1 RGB颜色pie(rep(1,3), col = c(rgb(1,0,0),rgb(0,1,0),rgb(0,0,1))) 将颜色名称转换为RGB色彩 col2rgb(c('blue', 'yellow')) ## [,1] [,2]## red 0 255## green 0 255## blue 255 0 2.2 HSV颜色par(mfrow = c(1, 2),mai=c(0.1,0.1,0.5,0.1))hsv_seq <->->0.0, 1.0, by=1/30)pie(rep(1,30),col=hsv(hsv_seq, 1.0, 1.0),main='HSV(S=1,V=1)',labels='')## hsv(hsv_seq, 1.0, 1.0)与rainbow(30)获取的颜色相同pie(rep(1,30), col = rainbow(30), labels = '', main = paste('rainbow',30)) 将RGB色彩转换为HSV色彩 rgb2hsv(col2rgb('blue')) ## [,1]## h 0.6666667## s 1.0000000## v 1.0000000 2.3 HCL色彩(Hue, Chroma, Luminance)pie(rep(1,30), col = hcl(seq(0, 360, length = 30)), labels = '', main = 'HCL') 3. Color Gradients/Color Ramps 渐变色3.1 自带的渐变色R自带的grDevices包有如下6个调色板,传入获取颜色的个数,就获得相应个数的颜色列表,gray()的参数需在[0,1]。 rainbow()、heat.colors()、terrain.colors()、topo.colors()、cm.colors()、gray() par(mfrow = c(2, 3),mai=c(0.1,0.1,0.5,0.1))pie(rep(1, 12), col = rainbow(12), labels = '', main = 'rainbow')pie(rep(1, 12), col = heat.colors(12), labels = '', main = 'heat')pie(rep(1, 12), col = terrain.colors(12), labels = '', main = 'terrain')pie(rep(1, 12), col = topo.colors(12), labels = '', main = 'topo')pie(rep(1, 12), col = cm.colors(12), labels = '', main = 'cm')pie(rep(1, 12), col = gray(0:12 / 12), labels = '', main = 'gray') 3.2 colorRamp() 和 colorRampPalette()
par(mfrow = c(1, 2),mai=c(0.1,0.1,0.5,0.1))b2p1 <->->c('blue', 'purple'))b2p2 <->->c('blue', 'purple'))pie(rep(1, 12), labels = '', col = b2p1(12), border = b2p1(12), main = 'colorRampPalette')pie(rep(1, 12), labels = '', col = b2p2(seq(0, 1, len = 12)), border = b2p2(seq(0, 1, len = 12)), main = 'colorRamp') 3.3 RColorBrewer包
每个系列颜色数量是固定的。 序列型颜色板适用于从低到高排序明显的数据,浅色数字小,深色数字大。 library(RColorBrewer)display.brewer.all(type = 'seq') 分类型颜色板比较适合区分分类型的数据。 display.brewer.all(type = 'qual') 离散型颜色板适合带“正、负”的,对极值和中间值比较注重的数据。 display.brewer.all(type = 'div') 3.4 创建渐变色利用HSV和HCL创建自己想要的渐变色 par(mfrow = c(1, 2),mai=c(0.1,0.1,0.5,0.1))hsv_seq <->->0.0, 1.0, by=1/30)pie(rep(1,30),col=hsv(hsv_seq, 1.0, 1.0),main='HSV(S=1,V=1)',labels='')pie(rep(1,30), col = hcl(seq(0, 360, length = 30)), labels = '', main = 'HCL') 参考资料 |
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