1. Openings and Closings 开头与结尾 The standard way to begin a formal e-mail is by using 'Dear (person's name). However, in informal e-mails, it is also common to use 'Hello (person's name)' or even 'Hi (person's name)'. As for the punctuation after the salutation, it varies depending on which country you are from. For example, for formal business letters, Americans and Canadians use a colon: e.g., Dear John: (In informal e-mails, North Americans sometimes use a comma: e.g., Dear John,) In contrast, the British do not use any punctuation after the salutation: e.g. Dear John 开始撰写一份正式电子邮件的标準方式是使用 'Dear 某人的名字'。然而，在非正式的电子邮件中，使用 'Hello 某人的名字'或 'Hi 某人的名字' 也是很常见的。至於称呼语之后的标点符号，这就会取决於你来自哪个国家而有所差别。举例来说，美国人和加拿大人在书写正式商业书信时会使用冒号。例如：Dear John: （在非正式的电子邮件中，美国人有时会使用逗点。例如：Dear John,）相对地，英国人在称呼语之后不会使用任何标点符号。例如：Dear John  If you are using a formal title, such as Mr., Ms. or Dr., it must be followed by a person's last name or full name, but never simply by just his or her first name. That is, Mrs. Bolton, Ms. Bolton, Dr. Bolton and Ms. Dorothy Bolton are all correct, but Ms. Dorothy is not. Some people use only a person's first name when writing (e.g., John:). Using just a person's first name provides a sense of seriousness. However, never use just the person's last name. 如果你要使用正式的称谓，诸如 Mr.、Mrs.、Dr.，之后必须接某个人的姓氏或全名，但就是不可以接他们的名字。也就是说，Mrs. Bolton、Ms. Bolton、Ms. Dorothy Bolton都是正确的，但Ms. Dorothy 就是错的。有些人写信时只会写出他人的名字。只写他人的名字给人一种严肃的感觉。然而，绝不要只写一个人的姓氏。  Once you've correctly typed the salutation, you're ready to begin writing the content of the e-mail. One very common method of beginning correspondence is to state the reason you are writing. Some common phrases for doing this are as follows: 一旦你已正确键入了称呼语，你就準备开始撰写该封电子邮件的内容了。一种替书信往来开头的普遍方式就是陈述你写信的原因。下面列出了一些这类的常见用语：  Another common way to begin an e-mail is to mention a specific item or previous event that the person you are writing to is familiar with. For example: 另一种替电子邮件开头的方式则是提及某特定事项，或是你的信件收信者所熟悉的先前事件。  If you are responding to an e-mail that was sent to you, you can begin by expressing a sense of appreciation and warmth. 如果你在回覆一封寄给你的电子邮件，你可以先表达一种感激和温暖的感觉。  Regarding closings, the most common are Sincerely, Yours truly, Best regards, and Regards. Other less used endings include Yours faithfully and Warm(est) / Kind regards, while Cheers is frequently used for very informal messages. 关於结尾辞，最常见的就是Sincerely（敬上）、Yours truly（敬上）、Best regards （顺颂安祺）、Regards（祝安好）。其他较少用到的结尾辞包括了 Yours faithfully （敬上）、Warm(est) / Kind regards（祝安好），而在极非正式的信件中最后常会用到 Cheers（再见）。 Before using these endings, however, it's also convenient to wrap up the content of your letter by using one of the following expressions: 然而，在使用这些结尾辞之前，使用下列这些用语来总结信件内容也是很方便的：  2. Key Expressions Commonly Used in the Body of E-mails常用於电子邮件主体中的关键用语Your choice of which phrases to use in the body of your e-mail depends largely on your purpose for writing. Below you will also find some more general expressions that are useful in everyday situations. 在你电子邮件主体当中用语的选择大部分取决於写作的目的。以下是一些你会更常见的一般用语，这些用语在日常情况中非常管用。 Giving Good and Bad News 告知好消息和坏消息  Making Requests 提出请求   Offering Help 提供协助  Indicating If You Can Comply or Not 说明是否能遵守指示 3. Dealing with Attachments 处理附件When attaching files to your e-mail, it's necessary to make reference to it in the content of your correspondence. Here are some simple phrases you can use to do that. 当你把档案附夹到电子邮件上时，你有必要在书信内容裡提到那个附件。这裡有些用语你可以使用。 4. The Tone of the E-mail: Formal or Informal?电子邮件的口吻：正式还是非正式？In the business world, a lot of correspondence－especially to clients－is formal. Formality is largely achieved in several ways, such as using titles (Mr., Mrs., Dr., etc.), using polite language and avoiding the use of too many contractions. How do you achieve politeness in a letter or an e-mail? Compare the following sentences: 在职场上，许多书信往来都是正式的──与客户的通信尤是如此。正式礼节大多透过一些方式就可达到，诸如使用头衔称呼（Mr., Mrs., Dr., 等等）、使用礼貌用语及避免使用太多的缩写形。你要如何在信件上或是电子邮件上表现得有礼貌？比较以下的句子： Although formality is common in business, there are numerous situations when you want to be informal in e-mails (in some cases, being overly formal can be seen as being unfriendly). When seeking casualness, it's useful to be more direct; however, don't forget to still be polite – you just don't need to be over-polite. One method is to use more contractions. As well, abbreviations, which are discussed in the next section, are another way of gaining informality. 虽然在商场上正式的情况较常见，还是有许多情况下你会想在电子邮件中表达非正式的感觉。（某些情况中，过度正式会被视為不友善。）想要随性时，直接一点会有帮助，然而，别忘了还是要有礼貌──就是不需要太礼貌。一个方法就是多用缩写形。同样，下一段要讨论的缩写字也能提供非正式的感觉。 5. Acronyms & Abbreviations 缩写字AGM – annual general meeting 股东週年大会 Our AGM is scheduled to take place in March. 我们的股东週年大会预计於 3 月举行。 ASAP – as soon aspossible 尽快 I need that report finished ASAP, please. 拜託，我需要这份报告尽早完成。 BTW – by the way 顺道一提 BTW, did you get my invitation to the party? 附带一提，你收到了我那场派对的邀请函吗？ B2B – business to business 企业对企业 The company only does B2B. 这家公司只做企业对企业的生意。 B2C – business to customer 企业对顾客 Our B2C business is increasing. 我们企业对消费者的业务在增加中。 CC – carbon copy 副本 Could you please cc Joanne on this? 请你把这个副本一份给乔安好吗？ CRM – customer relationship management 客户关係管理 Ask Jim – he really knows a lot about CRM. 问看看吉姆，他真的对客户关係管理懂很多。 DIY – do it yourself 自己动手做 I went to a DIY store over the weekend. 上週未我去了一趟自己动手的商店。 FAQ – frequently asked questions 常见问题 Check out our FAQ page for more information. 查询我们的『常见问题』那一页以获得更多资讯。 FYI – for your information 供你参考 FYI, Mary is now in charge of that project. 供你参考，玛丽现在正负责这个专案。 KPI – key performance indicators 关键业绩指标 Make sure to check the KPI.请务必查看关键业绩指标。 LOL – laughing out loud (*slang used when making a joke; used for very,very informal e-mails) 放声大笑（生活常用俚语，用在极不正式的电子邮件中） I can't believe you said that. LOL!我不敢相信你说了那话。笑死我了！ GM – general manager 总经理 The GM has called an important meeting for Thursday at 2 p.m. 总经理召集了一场重要的会议，时间是在星期四下午两点。 NA (N/A) – not applicable or not available 不适用或不提供 Sorry, these items are NA right now, Joe.抱歉，阿乔，这些商品我们暂不提供。 PR – public relations 公共关係 Henry works for a big PR firm in Chicago. 亨利任职於芝加哥某大型公关公司。 Q&A – question and answer 问与答 There will be a Q&A session after the speech. 那段演讲后，会有段常见问答说明会。 Re – in reference to 关於 Re the conference in May, there is still a lot to be done. 关於 5 月的那场研讨会，还有很多工作要做。 R&D – research and development 研究与开发 That company spends a lot on R & D. 那家公司在研发上花了很多钱。 ROI – return on investment 投资回报率 The investors are looking for ways to increase their ROI. 那些投资客正在寻找能够增加投资回报率的方式。 RSVP – réspondez s'il vous plaît (French for 'please respond') 敬请赐复（法语的答复） Please RSVP by October 13. 请在 10 月13 日前答复。 TBA – to be announced 即将公佈 The date of the meeting is still TBA. 本次会议的日期即将公佈。 VIP – very important person 贵宾 We've got a few VIPs coming to the office tomorrow. 明天我们会有一些贵宾来公司。 6. Comparison of an E-mail to a Formal Written Letter电子邮件和正式书写信件的比较
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