【度假别墅】西德克萨斯牧场 West Texas Ranch 2014 ASLA住宅设计荣誉奖

“This project exemplifies what it means to pay close attention to the regional environment from water use to plant selection and climate response. It reflects a deep respect for the place and its inherent beauty, a raw elegance that is emphasized through the design’s forms, materials, and textures. The use of shadows, textures, and subtle colors enhances the inherent beauty of the large landscape. The awesome landscape gives a sense of place to the architecture.”– 2014 Awards Jury

这个工程案例意味着从水资源利用到植被的选择和气候响应，更加关注周围的环境。这些很大程度上反映了对这片地区和原有风貌的尊重，通过设计构思的形式、材料、质地突出了一种纯朴自然的优雅。阴影、纹理和颜色搭配的巧妙运用大大增强了景观与生俱来的美。这种极好的风景给人一种建筑风格本土化的感觉。– 2014 颁奖评委会

West Texas Ranch by Ten Eyck Landscape Architects
VIA:ASLA    

历史上的西德克萨斯牧场，优雅地依偎在Chinati山脉的山麓丘陵边沿，作为一个多年运营的牧场，它一直遭受着严重的退化。这对生态修复和审美转化都提出了新的要求和挑战。本地原有资源、修复后的土生植被、暴露与封闭的户外空间之间形成的反差构成了兼具传统与现代、私密而又开放的景观，因此提升了地方感。

A historic West Texas ranch, beautifully nestled in the foothills of the Chinati Mountains, had suffered significant degradation throughout its years as a working ranch and presented the challenge of both ecological remediation and aesthetic transformation. Locally sourced materials, re-vegetation with native plants, and the contrast of exposed and enclosed outdoor spaces form a landscape that resonates with both the traditional and the contemporary, the intimate and the vast, thereby heightening a sense of place.

↑ 建筑和景观师密切合作，设计出和谐的泳池景观与泳池遮阳建筑。
The architect and landscape architect worked hand-in-hand to develop a seamless relationship between the new shade structure by the
architect and the pool and hardscape by the landscape architect.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler 

一间平房和一栋简易房屋、8000亩荒地以及南部倾斜的草场构成了曾经的西德克萨斯牧场。经过多年的运作，农场的道路已被压实，牧草也逐渐退化。投资者希望修复这些已经退化了的区域，形成一个集聚会场地、游泳池、草坪、树荫、水果树、花园于一体的低维护成本的牧场。通过对2.5英亩土地的精心设计，西德克萨斯牧场现在已经成为一片繁荣的沙漠之洲和宜居的住宅式花园。

在修复这片区域的生态完整性时，设计师充分尊重和保留了当地自然遗产。旧的农场道路已经被装饰并覆盖上当地牧草。新路和停车场的边缘种上了当地的各种植物，包括牧草、丝兰、龙舌兰、仙人掌、蜡大戟、阿巴伽羽果树、豆科灌木、沙漠柳树等，变得更加美观。牢固的风化花岗岩走廊和铁质台阶踏板穿过铁网和大门。荒漠中的砖石建筑（将本地的石材浇筑进混凝土铸件里）挡土墙隔绝了毗邻房屋在同一水平面的户外居住空间。作为对这片土地历史文化的尊重，农场先前主人种植的山胡桃和紫荆花树被保留了下来。受到这片胡桃树林和果园的启发，一片新的胡桃树果园将会被设计成一个供户外野餐庇荫的区域。这些挡土墙、游泳池和野牛草草坪融为一体，向客户展现一片开阔平整的南部风光。铁闸门、乔木、当地石材和植被，这些紧密结合的设计表现充分展现了与西德克萨斯荒凉气候环境相抵抗的风貌。

环境敏感性

尽最大努力整合本土资源和保护当地野生动植物。因常年无限制的车辆运载而被破坏侵蚀的道路被重新修复，种植上当地的天然牧草，包括格兰马草和蓝色格兰马草。耐旱的本土植物给墙内的花园带来了生机，吸引了本地的鸟儿和蝴蝶。在Fort Stockton附近的高墙外，本土豆科灌木连同荒漠柳树和其他耐旱植物将成为主要沙漠植被。墙壁是用牧场当地的沙子和石头做成，以此唤起人们更加关注这片土地与生俱来的美。除了冰山玫瑰、胡桃树和水果树外，其他的新植物可以在如此严重干旱的环境中存活下来。这些努力创造出一个井然有序却崎岖多变的自然风貌，从而达到人与环境之间的和谐。

设计价值

西德克萨斯牧场的设计在保留牧场特点的同时，利用各种素材紧密结合的表达和可持续发展观的方法，结合客户、建筑师、景观设计师和承包人要求，形成了该模型。客户对牧场提出了一个浪漫的设计构思，创建一座种满青翠树木的玫瑰园。景观设计师通过讨论，将此打造成一个简单的当地花园，重点凸出本土植被和风貌的顽强之美。这项工程受到当地特色启发，着重凸出当地严酷的美丽，给游客一种宁静的感觉。西德克萨斯牧场在未来将会拥有重要地位，“私人天堂”，该设计在探索园林设计中，“证实了将传统园艺设计元素与现代关注热点相结合，例如可持续发展、耐旱性和本土植物的用途”。因此，西德克萨斯牧场可能为人们在牧场恢复和为其他也有如此强烈阳光和干旱环境下的居民住宅设计提供一个模板。

↑  被高奇瓦沙漠围绕的8000英亩牧场，低矮的建筑后方是台地，周围是辽阔的草原。
Surrounded by the high Chihuahuan Desert on an 8,000 acre ranch, the renovated ranch house can be seen in the distance with mesas to
the north and the house facing south with a vast view of an immense grassy plain.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  过去在车辆碾压下，住宅附近光秃的草地
This “before” photo of the existing ranch house shows the condition of the surrounding grassland after years of vehicular abuse.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  构筑新矮墙定义房屋边界，周围草原的景观得到恢复。
This image illustrates the completed renovations to the ranch house, a new desert masonry plinth defining a level, protected precinct
around the house, and the emergence of the grassland restoration.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  围绕建筑有一个开放的草坪，一个泳池，茂密的本土植物和进行规划的停车区。
Situated in the high desert on an 8,000 acre ranch, the landscape architectural program includes shaded outdoor spaces, definition of a
protected area around the house, an open lawn for gatherings, a pool, native revegetation of disturbed areas, integration with the
architecture, and planning for vehicle circulation.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  泳池高出周围景观，与挡土墙标高接近，花园生长着茂密的水牛草。
The pool is integrated horizontally into the desert masonry retaining wall and raised 18” above the surrounding landscape. A buffalo grass
lawn deck steps down from the pool to the main gathering space of the garden.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  高出地面的石砌围墙入口从远处看十分醒目。
The entry gate and desert masonry walls enclose the new garden. By raising the previously sloping grade to a level plinth around the house,
the distant views seem more dramatic.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  花园种植着原生的植物比如鼠尾草，山核桃树还有紫荆树等等。
Entering the garden, one experiences plantings of native grasses, salvias, Apache plume, and pecan trees. The existing redbud tree at the
end of the path was protected in place.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  场地上原有的山核桃树在新设计中成为了让人纳凉的室外用餐区。
The landscape architect was inspired by remnant pecan trees on site and orchards in the area. To satisfy the client’s want for shade, a small
orchard was proposed for the outdoor dining area with distant views beyond.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  树荫下，圣曼陀罗地被植物间，砾石地面上的简约餐桌。
Dappled shade provides a cooling respite. Grasses punctuated with Sacred Datura and other perennials create interest. A simple wooden
table and gravel paving evoke the rugged history of the site as a working ranch.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  房屋一角的庭院，这里有沙柳树，豆科植物，龙山兰等植物。
A simple steel and gravel court was designed for the bunk house, which is framed by honey mesquite and desert willow for shade. Candellia
and agave surround the court at the lower grade.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  位于四颗杏树之间的灌溉蓄水池—为庭院灌溉提供水源。
An irrigation cistern deeply waters four neighboring apricot trees in another protected court at the bunk house. Rainlily and Texas Betony
are used as groundcover.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  主屋门廊外的花园，这里的各种植物吸引着蝴蝶和鸟儿。
The screened porch at the main house is surrounded by a garden of gaura, salvia, and buddleia that attract swarms of butterflies and
songbirds.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  镜面泳池反映着不断变化的天气和花园景观。
The pool is integrated into the desert masonry wall and serves as an ever-changing mirror in the garden.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  景观设计师没有让草原的壮丽失色，而是通过天然材料和本地植物让这一特征更加强烈。
The landscape architect was careful not to detract from the spectacular views, but rather to preserve and enhance them with natural
materials and native plantings.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  泳池仿佛融于大地。该景观无论硬质景观还是软质景观都尽可能的谦逊低调，让客户能沉侵在高奇瓦瓦壮阔的沙漠美景中。
The pool is designed to align with the horizon using as little hardscape as possible. The ranch is a place where the urban dweller can escape
to feel protected but immersed in the beauty of the high Chihuahuan Desert.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

An existing ranch house, bunk house, and 8,000 acres of arid, south sloping grassland were once all that composed this West Texas Ranch. Ranch roads and grazing from its years as a working ranch had compacted soils and degraded the landscape. The client wished to restore thesedegraded areas and integrate a low-maintenance outdoor gathering space, pool, lawn, shade, fruit trees, and flowering gardens into the ranch landscape. Through the careful design of 2.5 acres, West Texas Ranch is now at once a thriving desert grassland and place-appropriate residential garden.

The design honors the cultural heritage of the landscape while repairing its ecological integrity. Old ranch roads have been ‘chiseled’ and are re-vegetated with native grasses. The edges of new roads and parking are softened by native plantings that include grasses, yucca, agave, prickly pear, candelillia, apache plume, mesquite and desert willow. Stabilized decomposed granite walkways with steel step risers pass through woven mesh entry gates. Desert masonry (native stone imbedded in cast concrete) retaining walls enclose outdoor living spaces on a level plinth adjacent to the house. Pecan and redbud trees planted by a former long-time ranch owner were left in place as a homage to the land’s cultural history. Inspired by existing pecan trees on site and pecan orchards characteristic of the area, a new orchard of pecan trees was designed to create shade in the garden for an outdoor dining area. The stone retaining wall, pool, and buffalo grass lawn are seamlessly integrated and, through this horizontal emphasis, connect the client with an uncluttered view of the expansive southern horizon. Steel gates and arbors, local stone, and native planting create a cohesive design language that withstands the stark West Texas climate.

ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY

Every effort was made to integrate locally-sourced materials and bolster the health of native wildlife. Bare and eroding roads produced byyears of unrestrained vehicular destruction were remediated with an assortment of native grass plantings, including side oats grama and bluegrama. Xeric native plants bring life to the interior walled gardens, attracting local birds and butterflies. Native mesquite trees grown from seed in nearby Fort Stockton were used as the main desert tree beyond the plinth walls, along with desert willows and other drought tolerantplants. Walls were made from local sand and stone from the ranch, calling attention to the inherent beauty of the land itself. With the exception of one bed of iceberg roses and the pecan and fruit trees, all of the new plantings will survive intense droughts. These efforts create a sleek, yet rugged landscape that balances human and environmental wellbeing.

DESIGN VALUE

The design of the West Texas Ranch is a model of collaboration between the client, architect, landscape architect and contractor that established a cohesive material language and sustainable landscape system in keeping with the character of the ranch. The client had a romantic vision of rose gardens with a medley of verdant plants, which the landscape architect helped transform into one of simple, native gardens through discussions that highlighted the beauty of tough, indigenous plants and hardscape materials. The project is inspired by place and designed with restraint to highlight the harsh beauty of the region, which inspires a feeling of serenity in the client. West Texas Ranch is featured in a new book, Private Paradise, which explores gardens that “demonstrate the intersection of traditional elements of garden design and current concerns such as sustainability, drought tolerance, and use of native plants.” Recognized as such, West Texas Ranch may become a model for ranch restoration and residential design for other residents living in regions of harsh sun and drought.

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