【英语猜押】参透事物介绍类语篇

陕西说

我们在选择型阅读理解中近8年10考，主要为实物类介绍，也会涉及当年热点喔，如西安地铁、信用卡的发展等。

山西说

阅读理解中4考且多在C篇，话题角度多样，包括社会现象、科普知识、组织介绍和音乐种类介绍，需要考生练习丰富的阅读素材。完形填空仅在2010年考查抽象事物。

河南说

在近8年阅读理解和词语运用中各考查3次，且2015年和2014年均考查实物类和抽象类各1篇。阅读理解均在B篇考查，且最后一道多为主旨大意或标题归纳题。词语运用12选10，会涉及变形，还是有些挑战的，所以考生可要多练呀！

安徽说

我们角度多，材料有意思。近8年完形填空5考，且偏向于抽象性事物介绍，如人际交流、梦与人的联系、握手的来历和意义等。在阅读理解中5考，涉及科普知识、社会机构介绍等。

完形填空

In modern society we can see competitions（竞争）everywhere, both in our work and in our life. Team spirit （团队精神） is so important and helpful. It can lead us to    1    in the competitions. 

Team spirit means that people work together and help    2    as part of a team. With this spirit, people try hard to make their team the    3    of all.

Everyone has experienced （经历） team spirit one way or another, whether they were part of a team or saw a group of people    4    for their favorite player.

There are different kinds of team spirit. One kind is between a team of people whose efforts and teamwork are needed in reaching    5    goals. Another kind is when a group of people support a person, a team or even their country.

Team spirit brings good efforts. It helps to build up    6    and trust （信任）between people who may not get on well when they don’t have such team spirit.    7   , team spirit may also cause bad effects. For example, too great team spirit may cause fights or arguments with other team members.

Some people don’t understand team spirit    8    . They think team spirit means having to become a member of a team or a fan club. In fact, team spirit can be built anywhere—between friends, workmates or even between two people who have never    9    before. You don’t have to wear the same team spirit clothes. Anyone can show team spirit just    10    showing support for the same goal.  

1. A. dream                   B. surprise

    C. success                   D. end

2. A. each other           B. other

    C. another                   D. the other

3. A. fastest                   B. earliest

    C. biggest                   D. best

4. A. call                           B. cheer

    C. to cheer                   D. to call

5. A. their                         B. his

    C. my                           D. our

6. A. luck                          B. friendship

    C. health                   D. help

7. A. But                           B. Although

    C. However                  D. So

8. A. easily                   B. quickly

    C. simply                   D. properly

9. A. written                   B. heard

    C. met                           D. seen

10.A. by                           B. on

     C. in                             D. with

翻答案

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阅读理解

Can you imagine a pair of shoes that could tie themselves? All you would have to do is put them on and push a button. Well, this idea is becoming a reality. The shoe company Nike created the self-tying shoe!

This idea first came from the movie Back to the Future II, and Nike has been working for years to create a shoe that can do this in real life. They have finally done it with the Nike Hyper Adapt 1.0.

So how do these shoes work? According to Nike, each shoe is “powered by an underfoot-lacing mechanism（脚下系带装置）”. This is kind of like a small motor that has the power to lace the shoes.

All the wearers have to do is to put them on, and at first, the shoes are very loose. But then you can push the “-” button, and the shoes will easily slide off（滑落）.

But the shoes are battery charged（充电）, and for someone who uses them quite often, they need to be charged every two weeks, according to USA Today.

Cristiano Ronaldo, a professional soccer player, was a special athlete who got to test the shoes out for himself. He said on the Instagram, “Wow! Thanks @nike for letting me be the first athlete in the world to try the new Hyper Adapt 1.0.”

They haven’t come to the public yet, and the cost of the shoes is still unknown. But you might be able to get a pair of your own closer to the holiday season this year.

1. To make the self-tying shoe work, which step should you take first?

A. Put the shoes on.              

B. Charge the battery.

C. Press the “+” button.           

D. Push the “-” button.

2. How often do the self-tying shoes need to be charged when they are used quite often?

A. Every two days.               

B. Every two months.

C. Every two weeks.              

D. Every two years.

3. According to the last two paragraphs,         .

A. Nike chose an athlete to test out the new shoes.

B. the shoes are on sale to the public.

C. the cost of the shoes is quite high.

D. people can only buy them during the holiday season

4. Which is the best title of this passage?

A.The Shoe Company Nike

B. Self-tying Shoes

C. Shoes of Different Kinds

D. Shoe laces

翻答案

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词语运用

we   one   with   when   until   movie

new   tool   even   make   use   across

People have used pencils and paintbrushes to create art for centuries. Today, artists have a new 1.      . Computer art is a whole new art style that can 2.       draw the outline of our favorite cartoon characters.

Computer art is an art created with the help of the computer. Computer art is used for ads. It is used on TV. And it is used to make 3.      . Computer artists have created Buzz Light year and other computer art characters to make 4.       laugh. It took the artists lots of hard work to create them. 5.       they were shown for the first time, many people felt very surprised.

Computer Aided design is called CAD and it is now widely 6.       by people. Not too long ago, computer games had flat shapes. These shapes chased（追捕） each other 7.       the screen. And that was it! Today, CAD designs change from cars to space planes. You probably like CAD best in movies. Toy Story was the 8.       computer-animated（计算机动画） film. Pixar 9.       the film in 1995. It won awards. Then, Pixar made a 10.       movie. It became a huge hit. It was called A Bug’s Life.

Computer art will make the life funnier and more colorful.

翻答案

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★ 完形填空

一研究首尾句

事物介绍类语篇的首尾段和每段的首尾句很重要，在做题时，先读这一部分可以帮助明确文章的介绍对象，给学生指引方向。如根据上面文章第一段可知介绍的对象是team spirit (团队精神)，由此学生可联想与此相关的词汇和内容。

二辨明逻辑词

逻辑关系词（含连词、副词、介词词组）帮助理清文章脉络和理解上下文。考试中若有些句子读不懂，可以利用上下文之间的逻辑关系进行排除，缩小正确答案的范围。常见的逻辑关系词如下：

1.表顺承：and, then, besides, in addition

2.表转折：but, however, instead

3.表原因：because, since, as, for, now that

4.表结果：so, therefore, thus

5.表举例：for example, for instance, such as

6.表条件：if, unless, as long as

7.表让步：though, although, in spite of, even though(if)

8.表目的：in order to, so that, in order that

三把握一致性

完形填空除需要良好的词汇能力和逻辑能力外，考生还需把握一致性，特别是以下三方面的一致性。

1. 意义

事物介绍类文章每段的首句会点明该段的主要内容，因此要保证本段所选词符合本段大意。

如根据上文第四段第一句“There are different kinds of team spirit”可知本段内容是围绕团队精神的类型展开的。

2. 时态

事物介绍类文章以一般现在时为主，其中涉及事物发展史时应使用过去时态。在涉及时态题时，要根据上下文斟酌，避免出现时态混乱。

3. 人称

根据空前空后内容寻找代词所指代的对象，如上面的第5题指代的是people，为第三人称复数，且需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词goals，所以选their。

最后分享一个口诀给小伙伴们：

研究首尾——找主题，

上下联系——寻信息，

左顾右盼——找搭配，

思前想后——觅逻辑，

语境分析——辨词义，

集中精力——破难题。

★ 阅读理解

先读题，明确题目要求，然后带着问题去读文章，并且标记关键句，这样更利于解题。

一细节理解——准确定位

提取题干中的关键信息定位到具体某一段的某一句或几句。事物介绍类多涉及事物的特点、类别、性质、构造、功能、发展、变化等，要注意与此相关的词汇。如上面阅读理解第2题：根据题干中的need to be charged可定位到倒数第三段中的句子“they need to be charged every two weeks”，由此可得出答案。

二推理判断——据实推测

包括数字事实推断，常识推断以及作者写作目的、态度等推断。要先找到文章中与此相关的基本事实，在此基础上依据文章主旨推测隐含信息，避免主观臆断。

三词义猜测——选项代入

此类题可以采取“代入法”，即把各个选项分别带入文中，看哪个选项符合上下文语境和逻辑，则该选项一般就是本题的答案。另外要注意以下两点：

1. 注意划线生词所在句的前后句，其通常是用来辅助解释该生词的。

2. 注意生词所在句中包含的特殊标点符号，如破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词义。

四标题归纳、主旨大意——全面归纳

两种设题方式均是围绕全文内容展开的。一般来说，事物介绍类短文的主旨大意在文章的首段或尾段，但切记不要以偏概全。同时分析各个选项，排除明显偏离文章大意的和片面概括事物内容的选项。如上面的阅读理解第4题，虽然四个选项均和“鞋”有关，但A、C、D三个选项都较片面，只有B项概括了文章主题：耐克鞋业公司发明的一种能自己系鞋带的鞋。

★ 词语运用

一分类备词

拿到题目后，先研究方框中所给的备选词汇，理解词义，判断词性，并进行归类。

二试填词汇

通读全文，结合上下文语境和所学语法知识填词。考生可从以下几个角度出发：

1. 若空格处作句子主语，则考虑填名词、人称代词主格、名词性物主代词、非谓语动词。

2. 若空前是句子主语，空后是宾语，则空处应考虑动词，构成主谓宾结构。如上面的第9题。

3. 若空前是系动词或感官动词，则需填形容词，构成主系表结构；若空前是不及物动词，则考虑填副词修饰。

4. 若空前是动词或介词，空格处需要代词，则考虑填代词宾格或反身代词。如上面的第4题。

5. 若空前有限定词，空后是名词，则空处填形容词或其比较等级。

6. 若空前有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, rather等或空格后有than时，则考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。

三调整形式

初步填词后，要根据语法调整词汇的适当形式。考生可从以下方面考虑：

1. 名词重点注意其单复数形式，也要关注名词所有格和形容词变名词。如上面的第3题。

2. 动词要注意其单三形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词，同时要熟悉每种时态及语态的结构。如上面的第6题和第9题。

3. 形容词要注意其副词形式、比较级和最高级。

4. 代词需注意主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词及反身代词的形式。

5. 数词需注意基数词和序数词的相互转换。如上面的第8题。

6. 特别注意：若所填词在句首，要注意首字母大写。