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最近，著名医学杂志 Nature Neuroscience 就发表了一篇文章，说到高盐饮食不仅会引起高血压、身体水肿、胃癌、白内障等一系列疾病，还可能会直接损伤神经血管系统，产生认知障碍！
让我们看看原文是如何描述的：
The brain is a prime target of the harmful effects of salt, and a high salt diet (HSD) has been linked to cerebrovascular diseases and stroke, as well as cognitive impairment.
Systemic and cerebral blood vessels are profoundly affected by HSD. In particular, salt loading has been associated with failure of endothelial cells to modulate vascular tone, i.e., endothelial dysfunction, attributed to a deficit of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO).
It has recently been reported that HSD leads to profound immune changes in the gut, resulting in increased susceptibility of the brain to autoimmunity.
A diet rich in salt induces the accumulation in the gut of T-helper lymphocytes producing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (TH17).
这个研究团队给小鼠进行为期 8 周的高盐饮食后，结果表明小鼠在进行迷宫测试与筑巢（对小鼠行为认知的测试）中表现明显下降，小鼠大脑中与学习记忆相关区域的静息脑血流也明显减少。
从前我们认为，高盐饮食导致大脑神经血管损伤是由于高盐饮食导致高血压从而间接造成的。
但是这篇文章指出，高盐饮食会直接损伤大脑神经血管。
这主要是因为高盐饮食会使小鼠肠道产生免疫改变，辅助性 T 淋巴细胞 TH17 的活性增加了，进一步促进了白介素-17 的产生，损害内皮细胞，减少 NO 的产生。从而降低大脑的自身免疫保护机制。
食盐尽管是我们日常烹饪必不可少的调料之一，但是，我国膳食指南规定：成人每日食盐量不应超过 6 g哦。（责任编辑：shamouer）
参考文献： Giuseppe Faraco, David Brea, Lidia Garcia-Bonilla, et al. Dietary salt promotes neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction through a gut-initiated TH17 response[J]. Nat Neurosci. 2018
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