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早期乳腺癌靶向+化疗长期生存

 SIBCS 2020-08-27

  编者按:2012年,英国《柳叶刀》肿瘤学分册发表德国乳腺癌协作组(GBG)和德国妇科肿瘤工作组(AGO)的GeparQuinto(G5)III期研究(GBG 44)初步结果,对于人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性早期乳腺癌患者,拉帕替尼与曲妥珠单抗相比,加入术前表柔比星+环磷酰胺→多西他赛(EC→T)标准新辅助化疗方案后,病理学完全缓解(pT0ypN0)比例不高(22.7%比30.3%,P=0.04)。不过,根据其他早期乳腺癌术前新辅助治疗研究结果,拉帕替尼与曲妥珠单抗相比,病理学完全缓解比例相似:NSABP B-41(53.2%比52.5%,P=0.99)、CHER-LOB(26.3%比25.0%)、CALGB 40601(32%比46%,P=0.13)、NeoALTTO(20.0%比27.6%,P=0.13)、TRIO US B0710(25%比43%,P=0.14)。

  2018年3月15日,美国临床肿瘤学会《临床肿瘤学杂志》在线发表德国乳腺癌协作组和德国妇科肿瘤工作组GeparQuinto(G5)III期研究(GBG 44)的长期结局,并且进行了详细的亚组分析。

  该德国多中心III期随机对照研究于2007年11月~2010年6月入组HER2阳性早期乳腺癌患者615例,术前随机分配接受表柔比星+环磷酰胺→多西他赛(EC→T)标准新辅助化疗+曲妥珠单抗(307例)或拉帕替尼(308例)6个月,术后所有患者接受曲妥珠单抗辅助治疗12个月,并且随访0.2~79.9个月(中位55个月),对病理报告进行集中复核。结果发现,以P<0.05作为统计学意义的分水岭:

  曲妥珠单抗与拉帕替尼相比:

  • 三年无病生存率:84.8%比83.7%(P=0.808)

  • 远处无病生存率:86.2%比87.0%(P=0.297)

  • 三年总体生存率:91.7%比93.6%(P=0.724)

  有、无病理学完全缓解相比:

  • 六年复发风险减少37%(风险比:0.63,P=0.042)

  • 远处复发风险减少45%(风险比:0.55,P=0.021)

  • 六年死亡风险减少69%(风险比:0.31,P=0.004)

  对于曲妥珠单抗,有、无病理学完全缓解相比:

  • 六年复发风险减少36%(风险比:0.64,P=0.160)

  • 远处复发风险减少51%(风险比:0.49,P=0.052)

  • 六年死亡风险减少85%(风险比:0.15,P=0.010)

  对于拉帕替尼组,有、无病理学完全缓解相比:

  • 六年复发风险减少39%(风险比:0.61,P=0.152)

  • 远处复发风险减少39%(风险比:0.61,P=0.207)

  • 六年死亡风险减少40%(风险比:0.60,P=0.351)

  对于激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者,拉帕替尼与曲妥珠单抗相比:

  • 六年复发风险减少13%(风险比:0.87,P=0.605)

  • 远处复发风险减少36%(风险比:0.64,P=0.156)

  • 六年死亡风险减少68%(风险比:0.32,P=0.019)

  对于激素受体阴性乳腺癌患者,拉帕替尼与曲妥珠单抗相比:

  • 六年复发风险增加23%(风险比:1.23,P=0.391)

  • 远处复发风险增加24%(风险比:1.24,P=0.409)

  • 六年死亡风险增加17%(风险比:1.17,P=0.626)

  对于激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者,有、无病理学完全缓解相比:

  • 六年复发风险减少13%(风险比:0.37,P=0.002)

  • 远处复发风险减少36%(风险比:0.40,P=0.005)

  • 六年死亡风险减少68%(风险比:0.26,P=0.002)

  对于激素受体阴性乳腺癌患者,有、无病理学完全缓解相比:

  • 六年复发风险增加1%(风险比:1.01,P=0.976)

  • 远处复发风险减少34%(风险比:0.66,P=0.337)

  • 六年死亡风险减少78%(风险比:0.22,P=0.110)

  因此,根据该研究结果,虽然病理学完全缓解率可以作为早期乳腺癌术前新辅助治疗的生存结局替代指标,而且确实与长期生存结局显著相关,但是主要与曲妥珠单抗和激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者的总体生存结局相关。拉帕替尼与曲妥珠单抗相比,虽然病理学完全缓解率不高,但是长期生存结局相似。

  尤其,拉帕替尼与曲妥珠单抗相比,对于同样接受术前标准新辅助化疗→术后曲妥珠单抗辅助治疗的激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者,可以显著减少全部原因所致死亡风险、改善总体生存结局。

  不过,由于该研究结果完全来自德国,而且亚组分析病例数量较少,故有必要开展进一步大样本研究确认该亚组分析结果。

J Clin Oncol. 2018 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of print]

Survival Analysis After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Trastuzumab or Lapatinib in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer in the GeparQuinto (G5) Study (GBG 44).

Michael Untch, Gunter von Minckwitz, Bernd Gerber, Christian Schem, Mahdi Rezai, Peter A. Fasching, Hans Tesch, Holm Eggemann, Claus Hanusch, Jens Huober, Christine Solbach, Christian Jackisch, Georg Kunz, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Maik Hauschild, Tanja Fehm, Valentina Nekljudova, Sibylle Loibl; GBG and AGO-B Study Group.

Helios-Klinikum, Berlin-Buch; St Gertrauden Krankenhaus, Berlin; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg; Universitats-Frauenklinik, Rostock; Mammazentrum am Krankenhaus Jerusalem, Hamburg; Luisenkrankenhaus; Universitats-Frauenklinik, Düsseldorf; Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen; Hamatologisch-Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis am Agaplesion Bethanien Krankenhaus; Universitats-Klinikum, Frankfurt; Universitats-Frauenklinik, Magdeburg; Klinikum zum Roten Kreuz, München; Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach am Main; Klinik für Gynakologie und Geburtshilfe, Dortmund; Gesundheitszentrum Fricktal, Rheinfelden; Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitatsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

PURPOSE: The GeparQuinto phase III trial demonstrated a lower pathologic complete response (pCR; pT0 ypN0) rate when lapatinib was added to standard anthracycline-taxane chemotherapy compared with trastuzumab in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer. Here, we report the long-term outcomes.

METHODS: Patients with HER2-positive tumors (n = 615) received neoadjuvant treatment with epirubicin (E) plus cyclophosphamide (C), followed by docetaxel (T) in combination with either lapatinib (L) or trastuzumab (H; ECH-TH arm: n = 307; ECL-TL arm: n = 308). All patients received adjuvant trastuzumab for a total of 12 months and 18 months in the ECH-TH and ECL-TL arms, respectively. Median follow-up was 55 months.

RESULTS: Three-year disease-free survival (DFS), distant DFS (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different between the two treatment arms. Long-term outcomes correlated with pCR (DFS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; P = .042; DDFS: HR, 0.55; P = .021; and OS: HR, 0.31; P = .004). A benefit only for OS was observed in patients who were treated with trastuzumab and achieved pCR versus no pCR (HR, 0.15; P = .010), whereas no difference was found in patients with pCR versus without pCR in the lapatinib arm. DFS and DDFS remained unchanged in both treatment arms according to hormone receptor status, whereas OS was significantly better in hormone receptor-positive patients who were treated with neoadjuvant lapatinib (HR, 0.32; P = .019), followed by adjuvant trastuzumab. No difference was observed in hormone receptor-negative patients; however, the small number of events limits this interpretation. Within the hormone receptor-negative cohort, pCR was significantly associated with DFS, DDFS, and OS (P = .002, .005, and .002, respectively).

CONCLUSION: pCR correlated with long-term outcome. In patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors, prolonged anti-HER2 treatment—neoadjuvant lapatinib for 6 months, followed by adjuvant trastuzumab for 12 months—significantly improved survival compared with anti-HER2 treatment with trastuzumab alone.

PMID: 29543566

DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.75.9175

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