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SinoScript生物医学SCI写作教程（五） 【2018 Summer Issue】 Discussion是最难写的部分之一。它之所以难写，是因为这里面最能显示一个作者研究问题的广度和深度。深度就是论文对于提出的问题的研究到了一个什么样的程度，广度指是否能从多个角度来分析解释实验结果。Discussion的部分还要注意保持和Result的一致性，即结果和讨论要一一对应。千万不要出现按讨论的内容可以推出与实验相反的结论这种情形，那证明你的讨论思路压根儿就是失败的。所以，Discussion的文字描述和表达的精确性尤为重要。由于中英文表达的不同，在投稿之前要尽量避免出现表达上的失误。 本期关键词：Result Discussion Conclusion  【第五课】 “英语写作的语言技巧（Result, Discusson，Conclusion）” Result 第1段：描述样本容量 ●A total of [X no.] subjects, or [%] of those contacted, responded to the survey. ●We excluded from analysis the [X no.] of subjects who did not participate due to… ●Table 1 summarizes…of the respondents included in the analysis 第2段 a.主题句陈述研究结果（不涉及数据） ●Overall, participants indicated that….each subsequent sentence in paragraph provides detail to this topic statement ●When asked to rank treatment options from 1-6, [X-treatment] received the greatest number of first place rankings….following statements detail this topic ●Furthermore, respondents were asked whether [Event A occurred]…Responses to this question are given in table II. ●The most popular choice was…details for this topic statement should highlight any data-based rationale for this indication. ●Respondents who were in the [Y] category were more likely to…detail should describe degree of difference between this category and others, as well as identify quantitatively the differences between each category. b.第2句用统计数据来说明主题句中的阐述的内容。 c.尽量不要涉及对结果的评论。评论可以放在接下去的讨论部分中。要记住。结果部分仅仅是对研究数据的客观陈述。 Discussion 第1 段 a.观点1：阐明研究结果对利益问题的影响。使用现在时态提供问题或假设的答案 ●Current US recommendations for…seem to vary markedly on the basis of differences in… ●The results of our study suggest that…has become a criterion for… ●This finding may help to explain… a) This study shows… b) In this study, we have found c) Our results show that d) These results thus lend further credence to other (our earlier) e) In this study, we demonstrate b.观点2：或直接提出问题并作答（不常见） ● The question addressed by the present study….. The main finding of our study is… 第2段 a.对比以前的数据或其他文献相比，建立新的结论。 ●Incomplete….. In this study ●Previously biased….We have shown ●These data are in accordance with the results from other investigators demonstrating that… ●Evidence accumulated over the last two decades indicates b.解释与以往研究之间的差异 ●Apparent discrepancies between our xyz values and those of earlier studies…. ●Earlier studies have reported….. 第3段 a.讨论次要或未预料到的结果 ●A surprising finding was that b.关于调查结果重要性的假设 ●This strategy may be useful ●This finding may serve to explain/provide clarity for... 第4段 a.描述研究的内在局限性。这些限制可能关于方法、研究设计的缺陷、假设的有效性。用对立分析法分析局限或者可能影响结果的未预料到的障碍因素。 Point: The limitations of our study include those common to focus groups Point: We acknowledge that… Counter point: However, [ ] has been validated as a useful tool for assessing… Point/counterpoint: On the basis of the results of our study, we cannot infer that the relationship between…and…is causal, but we have sought to demonstrate the plausibility of such a relationship. Point: We also cannot comment on other factors that may have contributed to[specific outcomes of our study] Point/counterpoint: Although we were able to gather limited information on nonrespondents, we found no significant differences between respondents and non-respondents. b.如果有偏差，解释说明偏向的方向，即零假设或备择假设。 ●Our methods for determining the .. has several limitations…Despite these limitations, our analysis has several advantages ●One assumption we made for….This is a reasonable assumption. In addition… Finally...  Conclusion 第1句：总结研究并阐述研究中最重要的发现 ●Pediatric emergency medicine physicians seem to favor use of…for…despite conflicting results of clinical trials and meta-analyses ●This finding may help to explain… 第2句：说明研究发现对未来的的有益之处 ●In agreement with other published data ●Our findings and those of others suggest 第3句：概括指出你的研究发现会如何影响后人的研究。 ●In conclusion, our work emphasizes the need for… 【第五课】小结：内容前后要一致，语言表达需精确。 下期预告【第六课】“如何整合Discussion与Result部分的材料“ |
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