/tn/ written Britain certain frighten whiteness partner witness at night startnow whatnext/dn/ hidden burden pardon wooden sadness kidney goodnight rednose breadknife/tm/ exciteme nt atmosphere abitmore whitemice eightmen/dm/ admitsadmusic agoodmany broadminded button,garden,midnight,''Good''morning,sir.''Good''night. a''good''motherHe''often''comes''homeat''midnight.Hehasal ''waysbeena''good''neighbor.Her''goodnesswasap''parentto''eve ryone.舌边爆破爆破音[t][d][k]后面紧跟着的是舌侧音[l]时,这种辅音组合在语音学里叫做舌边爆破。/tl /little battle settle cattlebottle/dl/ middle muddle model needleLately,badly,madly,recently,quick lyIhavebeen''very''busy''lately.I''haven’t''seenhim''latel y.Haveyoubeen''there''lately?He''slept''badly.His''footw as''badly''hurt.I’vebeen''quite''badlyoff''recently.摩擦爆破?爆 破音后紧跟着的是摩擦音/f,v,?,e,s,z,∫,?,h/时,这种辅音组合在语音学里叫做摩擦爆破。ad''van ceYoumust''payinad''vance.CanI''havean''advanceonmy''sa lary?''Whatwouldyour''advice''beinthis''case?''Whatwouldyo u''advisemeto''do.?''Keepthatin''mind.破擦爆破??爆破音后面紧跟着的是破擦音 /ts,dz,tr,dr,t∫,d?/时这种辅音组合在语音学里叫做破擦爆破。Picture,ObjectI hadmy''picture''taken''yesterday.Doyouknow''howdoyou''draw a''picture?You''shouldn’t''treatwomenlike''objects.He''stood upand''objectedin''strong''language.pp:ripepearpb:soapbu bblept:cuptie英国足球淘汰赛pd:deepdownpk:pipecleaner烟斗杆子pg:l ampglass朗读下列句子,注意爆破bp:robPeterbb:rubbrisklybt:obtainbd :cabdriverbk:Bobcamebg:describeGreentp:wetpainttb:p ocketbooktt:fasttraintd:greatdealtk:notcleantg:whitego osedb:cardboarddt:goodtimedd:fielddaydk:redcarddg:go odgirlkp:silkpursekb:inkbottlekt:actorkd:publicduty kk:blackcatkg:parkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuitkg:pa rkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuitgt:ragtimegd:digdown gk:eggcupgg:biggirl句子意群句子意群是指句子中按意思和语法结构划分出的各个成分,每一个成分即称为 一个意群。意群可以用“l”符号表示。在说话和朗读时,意群的作用是:如果感到句子很长,一口气说不下来,可以在意群和意群 之间有一个很短的停顿(换气)。正确的停顿应该在意群和意群之间。同一个意群内不应停顿。意群之间的停顿不是固定的,而是灵活的 。可以按照个人的需要,可停顿也可不停顿,可多停顿也可少停顿。Note意群是根据语义、语法和语调来划分的。从语义和语法上讲, 意群必须是表达某种意义的一个(组)词、一个短语、一个分句、一个主句或者从句。从语调上说,意群必须是可以用降调、声调或平调来朗读的 一个语调单位。NoteBefore1949,IusedtoliveinHongKongandworked asateacher.三个意义单位,三个语法单位,三个语调单位。Bythetimehearrived/he wascompletelyexhausted.WhenIleaveBeijing/Iwillleave/wi thveryfondmemories/ofthecityandit''speople/andwithan increasedknowledgeofChina.E.g.Readingaloud/isveryimpor tant/forbeginners.Earlytobed/andearlytorise/makesa man/healthy,happy,andwise.Jane,/who’sabrilliantswimm er,/representedBritain/attheOlympicGames.Afterhetook hisbath,/hedressedinahurry,/rantocatchthebus,/and gottohisappointment/beforeitwastoolate.AnimalInstincts Georgeisayoungman.Hedoesnothaveawife,buthehas averybigdog—andhehasaverysmallcartoo.Helikesplayin gtennis.LastMondayheplayedtennisforanhourathisclub, andthenheranoutandjumpedintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhi m,butitdidnotjumpintothesamecar;itjumpedintothenex tone."Comehere,sillydog!"Georgeshoutedatitbutth edogstayed/intheothercar.Georgeputhiskeyintothel ockofthecar,butthekeydidnotturn.Thenhelookedatthec aragain.Itwasnothis!Hewasinthewrongcar!Andthedogwa sintherightone!"He''ssittingandlaughingatme!"Georgesai dangrily.Butthenhesmiled/andgotintohiscarwiththedog. ExercisesAnimalInstinctsGeorgeisayoungman.Hedoesno thaveawife,/buthehasaverybigdog/—andhehasaverys mallcartoo.Helikesplayingtennis.LastMonday/heplayedte nnis/foranhour/athisclub,andthenheranout/andjumpe dintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhim,/butitdidnotjumpinto thesamecar;/itjumpedintothenextone."Comehere,/si llydog!“/Georgeshoutedatit/butthedogstayed/intheot hercar.Georgeputhiskey/intothelockofthecar,/but thekeydidnotturn.Thenhelookedatthecaragain.Itwasno this!Hewasinthewrongcar!Andthedog/wasintherighton e!"He''ssitting/andlaughingatme!"Georgesaidangrily.But then/hesmiled/andgotintohiscar/withthedog.朗读下列短语,注 意连读ablock_offlatsthecorner_ofthest reetatin_ofpeasthetop_ofthemoun tainapiece_ofcakein_aforeigncountry aglass_ofwateran_instantsuccessa cup_ofteasuch_ashorttimenicec lear_airsend_itbymailan_Englishg irlwait_amomentanice_idea alot_ofnoiseavisitto_India once_in_awhilean_apology awaste_oftimemade_up_of not_intheleastin_AmericaWar _andPeaceout_ofdateOut_ofAf ricawait_andseeDeath_ontheNile have_arestTheWizard_ofOz Alice_inWonderlandtime''s_up amother_ofthreeCat_onaHotTinRoofWe’r egoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,h o(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It’saverycol(d)day,butit’sago o(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughta chea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.Iwen(t)therealonea(t) ninelas(t)night.-Doyouknowhisbi(ke)number?-Sorry,Id on’(t)know.Theforty-firs(t)lessonisqui(te)difficult.He needsaloto(f)money.朗读下列句子,注意连读朗读下列文章,注意连读一个英文单词如果由多个音 节构成,那么其中至少有一个音节是重音;如果,音节足够多的话,那么可能还有次重音以及一个以上的重音。同样的道理,一个句子 由多个单词构成,那么,其中总是有至少一个单词被强读,而相对来看,其它的单词会被弱读。弱读弱读的规则一般是:元音音节弱化成[? ]或[i]。如下几个单词:at,of,the,to,as,than,and,or,his,a,an,b ut,been,for,her,we,be,shall,was,them,弱读的频率达到90%,其中a,an, the,than极少用强式。查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音,如for:重读时[f?:],弱读时[f?];as的强 读形式是/?z/,弱读形式是/?z/。Note大多助动词、系动词、介词、连词、冠词、代词,都有两种发音形式:强读式、弱读式 。这些单词往往都是单音节单词。Note1)弱读形式和强读形式各自的元音不同。2)弱读音节中常常省略了某一个音。弱读与 强读的区别如果一个单词被强读,那么这个单词中的:长元音会被读的很清楚,并且显得更长一些;双元音会被读的很饱满,并且显得很 有弹性;落在重音上的短元音都会显得更长一些;重音所在的音节可能带着不同的语调(升调、降调、降升调)……如果一个单词被 弱读,那么这个单词中的:长元音会变得短一些(几乎与短元音的长度相当);重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻;很多元音都会发生 变化,向/?/靠拢;轻辅音/s/、/t/、/k/、/f/之后的元音/?/可能会直接被省略掉……弱读的形式1.大多数有弱 读形式的单词中,元音都变成了/?/;at/?t/;as/?z/;had/h?d/;must /m?st/2.有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了/i/;be/i/;been/bin/;me/mi/;t he/ei/3.有时,一些常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音。am/m/;has/z/;have/v/; is/z/4.有时,一些常用的弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。and/?n/;have/?v/;wo uld/?d/;her/?:/要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式,不是懂得了道理就能学会的,也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的,需要通过大 量的模仿和练习才能学好。1)to/t?/but/b?t/IwanttocomebutIc an''t.2)and/?nd/He''srichandfamous.3)than/e?n/ /en/Betterthanthat.He''solderthansheis.4)but /b?t/Shewantstosingbutshecan''t.5)such/s?t∫/ Wehaveproblems,suchaspollution.朗读下列句子,注意弱读6)some/s?m /Therearesomecopieshere.7)any/?ni/Therearen''t anymore.8)he/hi/Doeshewantany?9)her/h?/I ''vemethermother.10)him/im/TellhimI''dliketo.11 )them/e?m//em/Ihaven''tseenthemyet.12)you/j?/ Whatdoyouthink?13)your/j?/Takeyourtime.14)us/?s /Letusthinkitover.15)that/e?t/Thisisthehous ethatJackbuilt.16)at/?t/Atleastone.17)for/f?/ It''sforyou.18)from/fr?m/HecomesfromEngland.19) of/?v/I''dloveacupoftea.20)to/t?/Yououghtt ogo.21)an/?n/I''dlikeanapple.22)the/e?//ei/T hat''stheone.23)am/m/I''mgoingnow.24)are/?/ Whereareyougoing?25)is/z//s/He''shere.Myhati shere.26)was/w?z/Washethere?27)were/w?/Wewe reverypleased.28)have/h?v/,/?v/,/v/They''veleft. Haveanybeenlost?29)had/h?d/,/d/Theyhadbetterhur ry.30)has/?z/Whathashedone?Hehasjustarrived. 31)do/du/,/d?/Doyouthinkso?32)does/d?z/When doesheleave?33)can/k?n/,/kn/Canyouhearme?34)could /k?d/Couldyoudoitnow?35)should/∫?d/Howshould Iknow?36)there/e?/Thereisnothingleft.Thereare notenough.37)shall/??l,?l/HowshallIdolikethat? 38)when/w?n/Herparentshadbeendeadwhenshewasachi ld.39)will/?l,l/Hewillgobackhometomorrow.40)wou ld/w?d,?d,d/Hewouldbehappyifhehadpassedtheexam. 失去爆破不完全爆破爆破辅音发音分类按发音方法可分为:爆破音:[p][b][t][d][k][g]摩擦 音:[f][v][?][?][θ][e][s][z][h]破擦音:[t?][?][ts][dz][t r][dr]鼻音:[m][n][?]舌侧音:[l]卷舌音:[r]半元音:[w][j]当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另 一个爆破音时,前面的爆破音不发生爆破。方法是:对于前一个爆破音,只作发音的姿势,刚要发出时,立即发出第二个爆破音。这种现象叫做失去 爆破。失去爆破爆破音+爆破音(爆破音:/p,b,t,d,k,g/)whattime/`w?tta im/??goodbye/,gud`bai/??bedtime/`bedtaim/??bigkite /`big`kait/形式大声朗读双爆破音失去爆破kept??blackboard??notebook?Goo dbyeMy''father''kept''workingtill''midnight.Please''writethe ''answeronthe''blackboard.''Writethe''answerinyour''noteboo k.I''dliketo''say''goodbyeto''everyone.Hehasa''bad''coldt o''day.Youshould''take''careofthe''children.''Gladto''meet you.1.book-keeper2.handbag3.blackboard4.September5.sit down6.usedto7.thattime8.aredcar9.Heusedtoswim.10 .Areyouusedtothefoodhere?11.Ihadabadcold.12.Iboug htaredhandbag.13.Tommyisagoodbook-keeper.14.Helikest otalkbig.15.Istoptoselecttheblackcarpass.16.Iexpect tojointhefootballteam.当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音或破擦音时,前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。 方法是:对于前一个爆破音,作好发音的姿势,刚发出时,立即过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一个爆破音发出的声音是非常轻微的,有时甚 至听不出来。这种现象叫做不完全爆破。不完全爆破爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音?(摩擦音:/f,v,?,e,s,z, ∫,?,h/)?(破擦音:/ts,dz,tr,dr,t∫,d?/)picture/`pikt∫ ?/??bigjug/`big`d?Λ?/??goodchild/`gud`t∫aild/ ??thatjoke/`e?t`d??uk/形式1爆破音+鼻辅音或舌边音?(鼻辅音:/m,n,?/ )(舌边音:/l/)goodmorning/`gud`m?:ni?/??bignation/`big` nei∫?n/??madman/`m?d`m?n/??correctnote/k?`rekt`n?u t/形式2AdvanceSuccessPictureObjectAgoodjobMybestfriend. IfeelitThursdayHehasagoodjob.Tomismybestfriend.Ha veyougotthat?HaveyouheardfromMary?I’mnotfeelingwell! Hearrivedatschoolatnine!鼻腔爆破舌边爆破摩擦爆破破擦爆破不完全爆破鼻腔爆破?爆破 音[t][d]和鼻辅音[m]与[n][?]相邻,爆破音形成阻碍,发生不完全爆破,在词末必须通过鼻腔爆破。Language ispower!语言就是力量!英语句子重音、语调、连读、弱读、爆破及意群句子重音MustIstickitonm yself?MustI‘stickit‘onmy’self?MustI‘stickitonmy’self? 在连贯的话语中,不可能所有的词都同样重要,必然有些词较为关键,有些词则相对次要一些。一般来说,关键词需要重读,这就是句子重音,而 其他词则不必重读。名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等一般都重读。而冠词、介词、连词和一般性的代词则 不重读。Note‘What‘sthe‘matter?The‘sweateris‘beautiful.Your ‘bookisonthe‘desk.He‘started‘countingit.He‘usually‘get supat‘sixo’clock.助动词、情态动词和be动词是否有句子重音?1.助动词、情态动词和be动词一般没有句 子重音,但在附加句中可以重读,在简答句中则必须重读:Hewon’tdoit,‘willhe?Noh e‘won’t.Youcandoit,‘can’tyou?Yes,I‘can.Youweretr ying,‘weren’tyou?Yes,I‘was.2.助动词、情态动词和be动词与not连成一词时要重读: She‘doesn’t‘likethe‘weatherhere.I‘can’t‘speak‘French。T hey‘aren’t‘waitingforus.He‘isn’tatech‘nician.3.be用在一般疑 问句句首时,重读与否均可:‘Ishea‘worker?Ishea‘worker?比较句中的重音在比较句 中,重音落在as或than后的代(名)词上:Thisisbetterthan‘that.Johnistaller than‘Bill.She’sashappyasa‘lark.He’sasslyasa‘fox.逻辑重 音句子的重音总是要表现说话人的思想和他所要表达的意思的重点。有时为了强调,句子中几乎任何词都可以有句子重音,包括一些通常没有句子 重音的词,这种依说话者意图重读的音就是逻辑重音。Areyou‘angrywithme?Areyou‘angryw ith‘me?Are‘you‘angrywithme?Didyoutellmy‘wife?Didyou tell‘mywife?Did‘youtellmywife?We‘heard‘John‘talking. We‘heardJohntalking.Weheard‘Johntalking.语调英语语调主要有降调、升调和 平调三大类。不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生截然不同的语意概念。如“Ye s”。语调具有强烈的感情色彩,它使语言更富有表现力。用于陈述句Ihavealreadyreadthatbook. ↘Thatstreetistwomileslong.↘用于特殊疑问句Whathashappenedto him?↘Whichdirectionisittothepostoffice?↘注意:特殊疑问句有时可用升调 表示请别人重复刚说过的话:Whatisyourmajor?↗Whereshallwegoforthehol iday?↗降调用于祈使句Gobacktoyourseat!↘Pleasedonothesitatet ocontactme.↘用于感叹句Whatasmallworld!↘Oh!MypoorMathilde ,howyou’vechanged!↘用于选择疑问句中“or”之后的部分Doyouwanttorideor walk?↘Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?↘用于一般疑问句DoyoumindifI sithere?↗Canyouhandinyourcompositionstoday?↗注意:一般疑问句有 时也可用降调,表示一种不耐烦的口气,或表示命令等。Areyousatisfied?↘Willyoutakeoff yourhat,please?↘升调用于罗列中最后一项之前的各项Foreachincompletesentenc e,therearefourchoicesmarkedA↗,B↗,C↗,andD.↘WestudyCh inese↗,history↗,geography↗,andEnglish.↘用于陈述句,表示疑问、怀疑、未定 、猜测或期待等Yourreallywanttodoit?↗Shemighthavegone.↗Ithi nkso.↗用于置于句首的状语短语或状语从句Afterdinner↗,Ireadamagazineandm adetelephonecalls.↘Whileyouwerewritingletters↗,Iwasre adingabook.↘用于并列句的第一个分句,表示句子还未说完Myfeverisgone↗,butIst illhaveacough.↘MymajorisEnglish↗,andIlikeit.↘用于委婉祈 使句Excuseme,sir↗.Canyouhelpme?↗用于称呼语Mrs.Smith↗,this isTomJones.↘用于直接引语后,表示话是谁说的“WearegoingtoFlorida,”shesa idbrightly.→“Howdoyoufeel,boy?”Iaskedhim.→平调“连读”是在一个 意群内进行的,它是在说话较快时自然产生的一种语音连读现象。在同一意群中,前一词以辅音音素结尾,后一词以元音音素开头,在 说话或朗读句子时,习惯上很自然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来,这种语音现象叫连读。连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相 关,同属一个意群。连读如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。1.“辅 音+元音”comeoutlookattakeitoffbeatit dropinputonbendoverkeepon anorangereaditoneofushalfanhourstandup putitonnotatallfirstofallacupofteat akeiteasybackinaminuteinanhourpickitup anhourandahalflethiminAgroupofpeopleput ontheircoatsandwentout.i.英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾, 后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。Thank~you.ii.音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两 个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。[t][d][s][z]+[j]要发生音变。2.“辅音+半元音 ”辅音[t]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[t∫]:[t]+[j]→[t?]Nicetomeet~you.Can ’t~youdoit?I’lllet~youknow.Isthat~yourcar?No,not~yet.辅 音[d]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[dЗ]:[d]+[j]→[dЗ]Did~yougettherelate~aga in?Would~youlike~acup~oftea?Could~youhelpme,please?辅音 [s]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[∫]:[s]+[j]→[?]Godbless~you.Can~youdres s~yourself?Imiss~you.辅音[z]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[З]:[z]+[j]→[З]H owwas~yourvacation?Hesays~you’regood.如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头, 这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。Do~I?You’re[ju?]so~honest.I~amChinese .He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~a ndwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan’tcarry~it.It’lltakeyouth ree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoans wer.3.“元音+元音”爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/和摩擦音/f/,/v/,/W/,其中任意2个 相临时,前一个音会轻音化,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的音。如果这些音在词尾,也要轻音化。Si(t )downcontac(t)lensDa(d)told)megoo(d)nightThegirlinthe re(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfrom thefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeve rymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d )do(c)torhasaca(t),too.4.“辅音+辅音”如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同,前辅音省略。Iwas×sohappy.Ihavegot×togo.→Ihavegottago.(to轻音化为ta)Do~youwant×todance?→doyouwannadance?(to轻音化为na)Note以辅音结尾的单词+h开头的单词,h不发音,与前面的辅音连读。Tell~herImiss~her.Whatwil(lhe)[wili]do?Ha(she)[zi]done~itbefore?Mus(the)[ti]go?Canhe[ni]doit?Shouldhe[di]….?Tellhimtoaskher….Lea(vehim)[vim].Note5.“/r/+元音”如果前一个词是以-r或-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。farawayafterallforeverapairofourownthereisforexampleAfterall,thisisourownhome.Thereisafootballunderit.Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Hereisaletterforyou.Herearefoureggs.如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。NoteTheblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.(nearer与and不可连读)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。Is~ita~hatoracat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.(book与in之间不可以连读)Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?(English与or之间不可以连读)Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning?(meet与at,eight与or之间不可以连读)Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.(door与and之间不可以连读)不可连读的情况 |
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