绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)(考试时间:100分钟试卷满分:120分)考生务必将答案答在答题卡上 ,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题 1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例:It’sso nicetohearfromheragain._________,welastmetmorethanthi rtyyearsago.A.What’smoreB.That’stosayC.InotherwordsD.B elieveitornot答案是D。1.—Hi,I’mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven ’tseenyouaround?—Hello,Peter.I’mBob.Ijust_________onMo nday.A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted2._________ wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworl dwillbegone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until3._________along theoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceA.T ravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled4.Susanhadquith erwell-paidjoband_________asavolunteerintheneighborhood whenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasw orkedD.hadworked5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________ _helpsthemkeepfit.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that6.DuringtheMid- AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________a meal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.shareB.toshareC. havingsharedD.shared7.China’shigh-speedrailways_________f rom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowi ngB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown8.Inanyunsafesituation ,simply_________thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillget youthehelpyouneed.A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed9. Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________ _inthemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrappingB.havebeentrapp edC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped10.Ordinarysoap,_________ correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.usedB.touseC. usingD.use11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________we arenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why12.Intoday’sinformationage ,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany .A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.Theymighthavefoundabetter hotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddr iveC.weretodriveD.haddriven14.—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffi ce.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment_________next Wednesdayafternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at15.Thisis_________my fatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforth ebest.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)阅 读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheHomelessH eroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incas hwouldbeasource(来源)oftemptation(诱惑).Butthe16wouldno doubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefo odandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomS mith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18onthefronts eatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardint herainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.Afte rhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideandpulledthewal letouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(联系)thedriver, onlyto21itcontained£400innotes,withanother£50in sparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolice stationafter22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwas safe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarol Lawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth£35,000—inG lasgowcitycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstan dingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandt hatthewalletwas24.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr. Smithforhis25.Mr.Andersonsaid:"Icouldn’tbelievethatt heguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreets tonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforapla cetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn’ttakethe walletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers28.It’sunbeli evable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere."Mr.Smith’ sact30muchofthepublic’sattention.Healsowonpraise fromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson31abouttheacto fkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecamp aignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleint hearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived£8,000."Ithinkthefai ththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehaveb eenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shadjob34andallsorts ,"Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife- changing35.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturnde servesanother.16.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort17.A.stillB.ev enC.everD.once18.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel19.A.partnerB .colleagueC.ownerD.policeman20.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.re ached21.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe22.A.takingB.l eavingC.readingD.writing23.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.s hocked24.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen25.A.serviceB.suppor tC.kindnessD.encouragement26.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because27. A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just28.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.in stead29.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous30.A.gaveB.paidC. castD.drew31.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard32.A.borrowB .raiseC.saveD.earn33.A.ofB.atC.forD.in34.A.detailsB. changesC.offersD.applications35.A.lessonB.adventureC.chance D.challenge第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A 、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon(马拉松)Amonthbef oremyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismean tnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain. Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyear inschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorun lapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.Helater informedmethatIwas"notathletic".TheideathatIwas"notat hletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s ,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompe titionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebat tleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbefor emymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline .Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingto myself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带) becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!A tmile3,Ipassedasign:"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!"Bymile17,Ibec ameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despite thepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagai n.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldsee mywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedt healarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonru nning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!A ndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethatt heguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,move forward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallm yselfa"marathonwinner".36.?A?month?before?the?marathon,?the?au thor____________.A.?was?well?trainedB.?felt?scaredC.?made?up?hi s?mind?to?runD.?lost?hope37.?Why?did?the?author?mention?the?P.E.? class?in?his?7th?year?A.?To?acknowledge?the?support?of?his?teache r.B.?To?amuse?the?readers?with?a?funny?story.C.?To?show?he?was?no t?talented?in?sports.D.?To?share?a?precious?memory.38.?How?was?th e?author’s?first?marathon?A.?He?made?it.B.?He?quit?halfway.C.?He? got?the?first?prize.D.?He?walked?to?the?end.39.?What?does?the?sto ry?mainly?tell?us?A.?A?man?owes?his?success?to?his?family?support .B.?A?winner?is?one?with?a?great?effort?of?will.C.?Failure?is?the ?mother?of?success.D.?One?is?never?too?old?to?learn.BFindYourA dventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou’relookingfo rauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)isthe placetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeand inspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000ha vegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineerin g,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprof essions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobe anastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicat ionsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees, theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章). AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeas theybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandt rysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromalloverthe world.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancet oearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflight andtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavariety offlightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWil dernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-surviv althroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof"downed" pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearnt heimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.zxx.k Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoyth eexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilie swithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—there issomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitus onlineatwww.oursac.com.40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexp erienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetade greeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.Toearna SpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospaceB .getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflightD. buildandfiremodelrockets42.Whatisthemostimportantfortr ainees?A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survival skills.CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300million tonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandf ills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofar thereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysugg estsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.Rese archersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthe greaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor 40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpol yethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandb rokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmtha ttheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethyle nebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)and appliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost1 3%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromthe worms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiolog yin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthe worms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—also allowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,bu tthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isther easwell,"sheexplains,"Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsyste mtobreakthisbond."JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistatthe UniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,says itisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene. Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreak ingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,will betoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproduc edbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchinia greesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploythe enzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusin gthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"m illionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic."43.Whatcanwele arnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheire verydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycancons umeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJennif erDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothe rmeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.co nfirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.It canbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight .A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtoc leantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatist hemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonwo rms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawa ytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-bala nce.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivi ngrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawa yfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisappar entlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivi ngpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcars onpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniesto sellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperate driverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’t leadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehicles incitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverles scarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes ,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportations ystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhow thetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarh asbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullys o),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingve hiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffer moreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriv erlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesare environmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—or evenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagine afuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles. Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhigh waysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleeponthe ride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlessc artoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuil dingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblocks topickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivi ngminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepubli ctransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyf oundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityof CaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredpriva tecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystems couldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthe costoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%b y2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing .Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostce rtainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecost ofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenance issues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseast hepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechno logy.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesu retheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworst aspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoda y.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcit iesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomove morepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscomin g.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor,atten tionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.help dealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservi cestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepe oplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’sma jorconcern?A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Managem ent.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fielded"inParagraph4pr obablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.What istheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.D oubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分 ,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoWeGetAn gry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesof angerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineour behavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangrya retriggering(触发)events,personalitytraits(特征),andourassessme ntofsituations.51Triggeringeventsforangeraresomany thattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However, herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineappr oaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.____52____Th ereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenot isoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits. Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalance s.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetiti venessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry. 53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalasting condition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeven thasoccurred.54Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourc esofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegativ e(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.55However,anger caneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsfor angertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemain reasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutt hedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereason sforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationsca ncreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituations canhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrar elylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallya dvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingand maybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havin gthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereang erisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereaso nswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourse lveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinrespons etoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormay nottriggeranother.第三部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)第一节(15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英 国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣,计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件,内容包括:1.表示欢迎 ;2.推荐他上哪所大学;3.建议他做哪些准备工作。注意:1.词数不少于50;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________Yours,LiHua(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内 )第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验 中国茶文化的全过程。注意:词数不少于60。(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)英语 参考答案第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8.A9. D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.D第二节完形填空16.C17.B18.A19.C20.D2 1.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.D31.B32.B33.D3 4.C35.C第二部分阅读理解36.C37.C38.A39.B40.A41.D42.B43.C44.B45 .D46.C47.A48.D49.A50.B51.F52.G53.E54.A55.D第三部分书面表达(共两 节,35分)第一节(15分)DearJim,I’msogladtohearyourfutureeducation planinBeijinginyourlastletter.FirstIwouldliketoexpre ssmywarmestwelcometoyouandIamsureyouwillhavethemost unforgettableexperienceduringyourcollegeinBeijing.Learnin gyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,Isuggestyouapplyfor PekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.ItsChi neseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyouwhereyoucanbecomplet elysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandrichculture.Asforp reparation,somereadinginadvanceinneededlikeTheStoryoft heStonewhilesomeonlinecoursesofspokenChinesecanbehelpf ulforyoutoadaptintotheChineselanguageenvironment.Isinc erelyhopeyourdreamwillcometrueandit’smypleasuretoshowyouaroundinBeijingwhenthatdaycomes.Ifyouhavefurtherquestions,pleasefeelfreetoletmeknow.Yours,LiHua第二节(20分)Lastweek,wetooktheforeignstudentsinourschooltoexperiencetheauthenticteaculture,whichturnedoutbetoextremelyrewarding.Onarrivingattheteahouse,theforeignstudentswereimpressedbytheuniqueteapotsandteacups.Igavethemavividandinformativeintroductionofteaculture,includingitsprofoundhistory,itsrichvariety,andtheexquisitecraftsmanshipofmakingteawiththeirinterestgreatlysparked,Ithenbegantoteachthemhowtomaketea.Inordertodeliveraclearpresentation,Islowlyexplainedthetraditionalprocedureofmakingteaindetail.Absorbedineverymoveofmine,theforeignstudentswereonceagainamazedbythisuniquecultureandtheycouldn’thelptakingpicturesfromtimetotime.NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.Washingtheteapots,addingtealeaves,andpouringwaterintothecups,theyfollowedmyinstructionsandwerereallyimmersedincharmingteaculture.Theteahousewitnessedareallyenjoyabletimeforallofus.Attheendoftheactivity,holdingtheteabagsinourhands,wetookapicturetomemorizetheunforgettableday.Itsuddenlyhitmethattraditionalcultureliketeaculturewasofgreatcharmandhugevalue.AndIswelledwithpridetospreadourownculturetopeopleallovertheworld.14 |
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