Participles, Participle constructions
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1. Use
- to shorten relative clauses
- to make one sentence out of two
- after verbs of ›perception‹ (e.g. see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel)
- after verbs of ›rest‹ and ›movement‹ (e.g. run, go, come, stay, stand, lie, sit)
- after the verb have
- instead of a subordinate clause
2. Form
- Present participle: an exciting race
- Past participle: excited people
3. Examples
- The cars which are produced in Japan are nice.
The cars produced in Japan are nice. - I saw the man. He came to the shop.
I saw the man coming to the shop. - I saw the car coming round the corner.
- The girl sat sleeping on the sofa.
- I have my clothes washed.
- When they went to Texas they expected a better job.
Going to Texas they expected a better job.
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