① ch/tch [tʃ]如:
child [tʃaild] (孩子)
watch [wɔtʃ] (手表)
例外:ch [k] 如:
school [sku:l] (学校)
echo ['ekəu] (回声)
christmas ['krisməs] (圣诞节)
character ['kæriktə] (特性)
machine [mə'ʃi:n] (机器)
mustache ['məstɑ:ʃ] (胡子)
② ck [k] 如:
black [blæk] (黑色)
ticket ['tikit] (票)
③ cc [k] (在元音字母o,u之前)如:
according [ə'kɔ:diŋ] (根据)
cc [ks] (在元音字母e之前)如:
success [sək'ses] (成功)
accept [ək'sept] (接受)
④ dge [dʒ] 如:
bridge [bridʒ] (桥梁)
judge [dʒʌdʒ] (判断)
⑤ gh [f]如:
cough [kɔf] (咳嗽)
laugh [la:f] (笑)
gh 有时不发音,如:
light [lait] (轻的)
though [ðəu] (虽然)
thought [θɔ:t] (想)
⑥ gu/gue [g] 如:
guest [gest] (客人)
guess [ges] (猜想)
league [li:g] (联盟)
dialogue ['daiəlɔ:g] (对话)
例外:gu [gw] 如:language ['læŋgwidʒ] (语言)
⑦ kn [n] 如:
knife [naif] (刀)
knock [nɔk] (敲)
⑧ mn [m] 如:
autumn ['ɔ:təm] (秋天)
solemn ['sɔləm] (庄严)
⑨ ng [ŋ] 以-ng结尾的动词或名词,如:
sing [siŋ] (唱歌)
ring [riŋ] (戒指)
thing [θiŋ] (事物)
⑩ ng [ŋg] -ng-位于单词的中间位置,或以-ng结尾的形容词或副词,在变成比较级和最高级时,念[ŋg],如:
english ['iŋgliʃ] (英语)
finger ['fiŋgə] (手指)
anger ['æŋgə] (愤怒)
hunger ['hʌŋgə] (饥饿)
longer ['lɔŋgə] (较长的)
youngest ['jʌŋgist] (最年轻的)
⑪ ph [f] 如:
photo ['fəutəu] (照片)
⑫ ps [s] 如:
psychology [sai'kɔlədʒi] (心理学)
⑬ qu [kw] 如:
question ['kwestʃən] (问题)
⑭ sc [s] (在元音字母e,i之前)如:
scene [si:n] (景色)
science ['saiəns] (科学)
sc [k] (在元音字母a,o,u之前)
scarf [ska:f] (围巾)
scorn [skɔ:n] (轻视)
sculpture ['skʌlptʃə] (雕塑)
例外,sc [ʃ] 如:conscious ['kɔnʃəs] (自觉的)
⑮ sh [ʃ] 如:
fish [fiʃ] (鱼)
ship [ʃip] (船)
⑯ ss [s]
glass [glɑ:s] (玻璃)
lesson ['lesn] (课)
⑰ stle [sl]
castle ['ka:sl] (城堡)
whistle ['wisl] (口哨)
⑱ sten [sn]
listen ['lisn] (听)
fasten ['fæsn] (拴紧)
⑲ th [θ] 如:
thing [θiŋ] (东西)
thick [θik] (厚)
bath [bɑ:θ] (洗澡)
th [ð] (一般在冠词,代词,介词和连词中) 如:
this [ðis] (这)
they [ðei] (他们)
than [ðæn] (比较)
without [wi'ðaut] (没有)
-the [ð] (在词尾) 如:
breathe [bri:ð] (呼吸)
bathe [beið] (沐浴)
⑳ wh [w] 如:
what [wɔt] (什么)
wh [h] (在元音字母o之前) 如:
whose [hu:z] (谁的)
whole [həul] (全部)
㉑ wr [r] 如:
write [rait] (写)
wrist [rist] (手腕)