动词是初中英语语法中很重要的一部分,今天给同学们整理了初中英语语法动词知识点,同学们一定要掌握起来。 初中英语动词总结 一、系动词 (一)含义:系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成系表结构,说明 主语的性质、状态、特征或身份等。 (二)常见的系动词有: am,is,are,was,were,look,sound,smell, taste,feel,become,turn,go,get,stay, keep eg: I am a worker. The dish tastes delicious. The leaves turn yellow in fall. Stay healthy and you can enjoy your life. 二、助动词 (一)含义:本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独成调语,必须和实义动词连用,构成时态、 语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。 (二)常见的助动词 有:be,do,does,did,will would,shall,have,has,had等。 1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were) 1)“助动词be+现在分词”构成进行时时态。 现在进行时I am telling you something very important now. 过去进行时What were you doing when I called you last night? 2)“助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态。 eg:Where was the knife found? 2.“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成现在完成时时态。 现在完成时eg:Tom has been to China two times. 过去完成时 When I got to the train station,the train had left already. 3.助动词 do,does,did构成疑问句、否定句等。 eg:Do you like the car? She doesn't want this shirt. Did you catch the ball? 注意:构成疑问句和否定句时,助动词后面要跟动词原形。 4.助动词 shall 和will构成将来时时态。 eg:Shall we go to the bar tomorrow? Tom will be there in two days. 【shall只用于第一人称,will在使用中无人称限制.】 三、实义动词。 (一)含义:实义动词在句中能独立作谓语,分为及物动词和不及物动词,缩写形式分别为 vt和vi. (二)分类: 1.及物动词:本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 1)v.+宾语 eg:I like dresses very much because I look beautiful when I wear them. I am drawing a picture for my mother. 2)v.+宾语+宾补 eg:We call him Secret Assistant. I saw you playing with the dog just now. 3)v.+直接宾语+间接宾语 eg:Please tell me everything about the meeting. Could you please pass the letter to him? 2.不及物动词:本身意义完整,不必接宾语。 eg:Tigers always run fast. 1)有些动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。 eg:We study English.(及物动词) We study hard.(不及物动词) 2)有些动词可以和介词搭配,相当于一个及物动词。 eg:Listen to the music carefully. I like to dance to the music when I feel a little tired. 四、情态动词 (一)定义及原则 定义:表示说话人的态度和看法。 原则:1)不能单独使用,后接动词原形,构成谓语; 2)没有人称和数的变化; 3)否定句在情态动词后面直接加not (二)常见情态动词及用法 1.表能力 现在有能力做can=am/is/are able to, 过去有能力做 could=was/ were able to。 2.必须、不必和禁止 必须:must(表示主观因素)have to(表示客观因素) 不必:don't have to do/needn't do 禁止:mustn't(语气十分强硬,一般涉及生命安全时常常使用) 3.委婉请求 may>might,can>could 4.表推测 绝对不:can't,绝对不可能发生的事情的猜测; 可能:may,might; 一定是:must,对绝对有把握的事情的猜测。 5.肯否不一 1)May I come in? Yes,you may/can. No,you cant/mustn't. 2)Can/Could I speak? Yes,you can. No,you can't. 3)Must/ Need I go now? Yes,you must No,you needn't/don't have to. |
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