诸子百家 儒家 论语 为政 （中英文）

1  为政: 子曰：“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。”
 为政: 孔子说：“管理国家要以身做则。如同北极星，安然不动而衆星绕之。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.'
 
2  为政: 子曰：“诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰‘思无邪’。”
 为政: 孔子说：“《诗经》三百首，用一句话可以概括，即：‘思想纯洁’。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence - 'Having no depraved thoughts.''
 
3   为政: 子曰：“道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。”
 为政: 孔子说：“以政令来管理，以刑法来约束，百姓虽不敢犯罪，但不以犯罪为耻；以道德来引导，以礼法来约束，百姓不仅遵纪守法，而且引以为荣。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.'
 
4  为政: 子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”
 为政: 孔子说：“我十五岁立志于学习，三十岁有所建树，四十岁不困惑，五十理解自然规律，六十明辨是非，七十随心所欲，不违规。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.'
 
5   为政: 孟懿子问孝。子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝于我，我对曰‘无违’。”樊迟曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“生事之以礼；死葬之以礼，祭之以礼。”
 为政: 孟懿子问孝，孔子说：“不违礼。”樊迟驾车时，孔子告诉他：“孟孙问孝于我，我说：‘不违礼’。”樊迟说：“什麽意思？”孔子说：“活著时按礼侍奉；死之后按礼安葬、按礼纪念。”
Wei Zheng: Meng Yi asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'It is not being disobedient.' Soon after, as Fan Chi was driving him, the Master told him, saying, 'Meng-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him, - 'not being disobedient.'' Fan Chi said, 'What did you mean?' The Master replied, 'That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety.'
 
6  为政: 孟武伯问孝。子曰：“父母唯其疾之忧。”
 为政: 孟武伯问孝，孔子说：“关心父母的健康。”
Wei Zheng: Meng Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'Parents are anxious lest their children should be sick.'
 
7  为政: 子游问孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是谓能养。至于犬马，皆能有养；不敬，何以别乎？”
 为政: 子游问孝，孔子说：“现在的孝顺，只是能赡养老人。即使是犬马，都会得到饲养。不敬重，有何区别？”
Wei Zheng: Zi You asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'The filial piety nowadays means the support of one's parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support; - without reverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?'
 
8  为政: 子夏问孝。子曰：“色难。有事弟子服其劳，有酒食先生馔，曾是以为孝乎？”
 为政: 子夏问孝，孔子说：“和颜悦色很难。有事情，子女都去做；有酒肉，老人随便吃；这样就是孝吗？”
Wei Zheng: Zi Xia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'The difficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the young have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be considered filial piety?'
 
9   为政: 子曰：“吾与回言终日，不违如愚。退而省其私，亦足以发。回也，不愚。”
 为政: 孔子说：“我曾整天同颜回谈话，他从不反驳，象笨人。后来观察，发现他理解透彻、发挥自如，他不笨。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said - as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui! - He is not stupid.'
 
10  为政: 子曰：“视其所以，观其所由，察其所安。人焉廋哉？人焉廋哉？”
 为政: 孔子说：“分析其动机，观察其行动，了解其态度；人藏哪去？人藏哪去？”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'See what a man does. Mark his motives. Examine in what things he rests. How can a man conceal his character? How can a man conceal his character?'
 
11  为政: 子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”
 为政: 孔子说：“温习旧知识时，能有新收获，就可以做老师了。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.'
 
12  为政: 子曰：“君子不器。”
 为政: 孔子说：“君子不能象器皿一样，只有一种用途。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.'
 
13  为政: 子贡问君子。子曰：“先行其言，而后从之。”
 为政: 子贡问君子，孔子说：“先将要说的做出来，然后再说。”
Wei Zheng: Zi Gong asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, 'He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.'
 
14  为政: 子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”
 为政: 孔子说：“君子团结群衆而不拉帮结派，小人拉帮结派而不团结群衆。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'The superior man is catholic and not partisan. The mean man is partisan and not catholic.'
 
15  为政: 子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”
 为政: 孔子说：“读书不想事，越学越糊涂；想事不读书，越想越头痛。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.'
 
16  为政: 子曰：“攻乎异端，斯害也已！”
 为政: 孔子说：“走入异端邪说中，就是祸害。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed!'
 
17   为政: 子曰：“由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”
 为政: 孔子说：“子路啊，我告诉你，知道吗？知道的就是知道的，不知道的就是不知道的，这就关于知道的真谛。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge.'
 
18   为政: 子张学干禄。子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其馀，则寡尤；多见阙殆，慎行其馀，则寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。”
 为政: 子张学做官，孔子说：“多听，不要说没把握的话，即使有把握，说话也要谨慎，就能减少错误；多看，不要做没把握的事，即使有把握，行动也要谨慎，则能减少后悔。说话错少，行动悔少，就能当好官了。”
Wei Zheng: Zi Zhang was learning with a view to official emolument. The Master said, 'Hear much and put aside the points of which you stand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of the others - then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at the same time in carrying the others into practice - then you will have few occasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument.'
 
19  为政: 哀公问曰：“何为则民服？”孔子对曰：“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。”
 为政: 哀公问：“怎样使人心服？”孔子说：“以正压邪，则人心服；以邪压正，则人心不服。”
Wei Zheng: The Duke Ai asked, saying, 'What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?' Confucius replied, 'Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit.'
 
20  为政: 季康子问：“使民敬、忠以劝，如之何？”子曰：“临之以庄则敬，孝慈则忠，举善而教不能，则劝。”
 为政: 季康子问：“怎样使人尊敬、忠诚、勤勉？”孔子说：“举止端庄，能赢得尊敬；敬老爱幼，能赢得忠诚；任用贤良、培养人才，能使人勤勉。”
Wei Zheng: Ji Kang asked how to cause the people to reverence their ruler, to be faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue. The Master said, 'Let him preside over them with gravity; then they will reverence him. Let him be final and kind to all; then they will be faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent; then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous.'
 
21  为政: 或谓孔子曰：“子奚不为政？”子曰：“《书》云：‘孝乎惟孝、友于兄弟，施于有政。’是亦为政，奚其为为政？”
 为政: 有人问孔子：“先生为何不从政？”孔子说：“孝啊，就是孝顺父母、兄弟友爱，以这种品德影响政治，这就是参政，难道只有做官才算从政？”
Wei Zheng: Some one addressed Confucius, saying, 'Sir, why are you not engaged in the government?' The Master said, 'What does the Shu Jing say of filial piety? - 'You are final, you discharge your brotherly duties. These qualities are displayed in government.' This then also constitutes the exercise of government. Why must there be THAT - making one be in the government?'
 
22  为政: 子曰：“人而无信，不知其可也。大车无輗，小车无軏，其何以行之哉？”
 为政: 孔子说：“人无信誉，不知能干什麽？就象大车没有车轴，小车没有车轴，怎麽能启动？”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the crossbar for yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangement for yoking the horses?'
 
23   为政: 子张问：“十世可知也？”子曰：“殷因于夏礼，所损益，可知也；周因于殷礼，所损益，可知也；其或继周者，虽百世可知也。”
 为政: 子张问：“十代以后的社会制度和道德规范可以知道吗？”孔子说：“商朝继承夏朝，改动了多少，可以知道；周朝继承商朝，改动了多少，也可以知道；以后的朝代继承周朝，即使百代，同样可以推测。”
Wei Zheng: Zi Zhang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known. Confucius said, 'The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Xia; wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Zhou dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin; wherein it took from or added to them may be known. Some other may follow the Zhou, but though it should be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known.'
 
24  为政: 子曰：“非其鬼而祭之，谄也。见义不为，无勇也。”
 为政: 孔子说：“祭奠别人的先人，是谄媚；遇到符合道义的事不敢做，是懦夫。”
Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to him is flattery. To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.'