最近接触了一个基于cucumber开发的测试框架,感觉挺不错的。想把整个框架的设计以及实现具体记录下,已方便自己后面的查询和参考。
想想主要从以下几个方面来阐述:
一、框架基本介绍
框架展示形式基于cucumber,对于cucumber的使用不再多说可以百度出很多介绍,该框架基于cucumber+spring+testng。下面就基于修改地方简单描述:
1、本框架基于cucumber可以灵活操作变量,将变量级别分为 全局变量、feature级变量,测试人员可以自定义变量,也可以在关键字中灵活的保存为对应级别的变量已方便后面的操作。
2、运行多套环境,多套数据。只需要配置对应的环境配置。例如 测试环境 配置为qa 联调环境配置为int,即可完成环境之间的切换(FileHandle.FILE_EXT)
3、封装多个关键字。可以直接使用 如 http请求 dubbo 请求 操作数据库的关键字....(这个不是重点,可以自己不断的完善补充)
5、集成spring,可以方便的使用spring的依赖注入(这个也不是重点,cucumber集成spring的包cucumber-spring。需要特别注意的是spring的配置文件名称必须为cucumber.xml)
4、清晰完善的测试报告(这个也不是重点,cucumber测试报告有很多插件..cucumber-reporting-2.2.0.jar)
二、框架的设计思路以及代码实现
如下图为针对cucumber主要改造的设计图
运行的用例集成cucumber-testng的抽象方法AbstractTestNGCucumberTests,该抽象方法主要有四个方法,上面的图中缺少一个dataProvider方法,主要是运行过程中数据提供者,上图中的三个方法非常明了:
1、BeforeClass 运行前的初始化 在这个步骤中假如我们自己的全局变量以及一些初始化工作TestContext。
2、feature 运行对应feature,数据由dataProvide提供。在这个步骤中针对每个feature加入feature变量hookUtil.beforeFeature(cucumberFeature);
3、根据方法配置的测试报告路径,生成对应的测试报告
先上下上面描述的代码:
1、运行测试的类
@Test
@CucumberOptions(features={"src/main/resources/feature/dubbotest/demo.feature"},glue={"com.tom.test"},plugin = {"pretty", "html:./target/cucumber","json:./target/cucumber/report.json"},tags={})
public class SingleTest extends SpecTestNgCuke {
}
2、SpecTestNgCuke类===等价AbstractTestNGCucumberTests
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import com.tom.utils.HookUtil;
import com.tom.utils.TestContext;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.testng.CucumberFeatureWrapper;
import net.masterthought.cucumber.Configuration;
import net.masterthought.cucumber.ReportBuilder;
public class SpecTestNgCuke {
private SpecCucumberRunner testNGCucumberRunner;
private File jsonPath=null;
@BeforeClass(alwaysRun = true)
public void setUpClass() throws Exception {
TestContext.getInstance().init();
Class<? extends SpecTestNgCuke> clazz=this.getClass();
testNGCucumberRunner = new SpecCucumberRunner(clazz);
//拿注解
CucumberOptions options=clazz.getAnnotation(CucumberOptions.class);
for(String plugin:options.plugin()){
//判断是json
if(plugin.trim().startsWith("json")){
jsonPath=new File(plugin.split(":")[1]);
}
}
}
@Test(groups = "cucumber", description = "Runs Cucumber Feature", dataProvider = "features")
public void feature(CucumberFeatureWrapper cucumberFeature) {
HookUtil hookUtil = new HookUtil();
hookUtil.beforeFeature(cucumberFeature);
try {
testNGCucumberRunner.runCucumber(cucumberFeature.getCucumberFeature());
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
throw e;
} finally {
hookUtil.afterFeature(cucumberFeature);
}
}
/**
* @return returns two dimensional array of {@link CucumberFeatureWrapper}
* objects.
*/
@DataProvider
public Object[][] features() {
return testNGCucumberRunner.provideFeatures();
}
@AfterClass
public void tearDownClass() throws Exception {
testNGCucumberRunner.finish();
//生成报告
File reportOutputDirectory = new File("target/cucumber");
List<String> jsonFiles = new ArrayList<>();
jsonFiles.add(jsonPath.getAbsolutePath());
String projectName = "cuke";
Configuration configuration = new Configuration(reportOutputDirectory, projectName);
ReportBuilder reportBuilder = new ReportBuilder(jsonFiles, configuration);
reportBuilder.generateReports();
}
}
3、重要核心类 TestContext 片段,该类为单例。
public class TestContext {
private static Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestContext.class);
private static TestContext testContext = null;
// private boolean internalScenario = false;
Map<String, Object> scenarioParas = new HashMap<>(); //定义变量保存在一个MAP中
Map<String, Object> featureParas = new HashMap<>(); //定义变量保存在一个MAP中
Map<String, Object> globalParas = new HashMap<>(); //定义变量保存在一个MAP中
public final String LAST_RESPONSE_STRING = "last_response_string";
private DubboHandle dubboHandle;
private FileHandle fileHandle;
private ExceptionHandle exceptionHandle;
private MQProducer mqProducer;
private OutputHandle outputHandle;
private RSAHandle rsaHandle;
private TestContext() {
}
public void init() throws Exception {
dubboHandle = new DubboHandle();
fileHandle = new FileHandle();
exceptionHandle = new ExceptionHandle();
rsaHandle=new RSAHandle();
fileHandle.init();
dubboHandle.init(fileHandle.getFileExt());
this.outputHandle = new OutputHandle();
setMqProducer(new MQProducer());
rsaHandle.init();
// 初始化全局参数
try {
putGlobalParameters(fileHandle.loadParaFile(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()
.getResource("global/common." + fileHandle.getFileExt()).getPath()));
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
logger.warn("全局参数文件,gloal/common" + fileHandle.getFileExt()+ "不存在");
}
}
/**
* 获取实例
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static TestContext getInstance() {
if (testContext == null) {
try {
testContext = new TestContext();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
logger.error("没有找到 全局变量文件 \n" + e.getMessage());
}
}
return testContext;
}
4、通过java关键字解析是否变量是否在各个级别中
/**
* 将字符串中含有 ${}或 $()的替换成值,分三种情况,一种是${}完全的,一种是在中间,还有$()这种,统一变成 json字符串
*
* @param toParse
* @return 对象返回json格式,简单类型直接返回
*/
public String parseParameter(String toParse) {
String result = toParse;
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{(.+?)\\}");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(toParse);
while (matcher.find()) {
String para = matcher.group();
// 判断方法
String pname = matcher.group(1);
String value = null;
if (pname.contains("(") && pname.contains(")")) {
Pattern methodPattern = Pattern.compile("(.+?)\\((.*?)\\)");
Matcher methodMatcher = methodPattern.matcher(pname.trim());
if (methodMatcher.find()) {
// 先不考虑传参数的情况,
String methodName = methodMatcher.group(1);
String orValues=methodMatcher.group(2).trim();
String[] keyValues=orValues.split("\\|");
if(keyValues[0].isEmpty()){
keyValues=new String[0];
}
String className = null;
Class clazz = null;
try {
if (!methodName.contains(".")) {
clazz = FunctionUtil.class;
} else {
// 包名 com.tom.test.Function.test()
className = methodName.substring(0, methodName.lastIndexOf("."));
clazz = Class.forName(className);
}
methodName = methodName.substring(methodName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
List<Class> types=new ArrayList<>();
List<Object> values=new ArrayList<>();
for(int i=0;i<keyValues.length;i++){
String[] kv=keyValues[i].split("=");
types.add(ClassUtils._forName(kv[0]));
values.add(JSON.parse(kv[1], ClassUtils._forName(kv[0])));
}
Method method = clazz.getMethod(methodName, types.toArray(new Class[types.size()]));
value=method.invoke(clazz.newInstance(), values.toArray()).toString();
} catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("方法:" + pname + " 无法找到");
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("类:" + className + " 构造失败");
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} else {
Object obj = TestContext.getInstance().getParameter(para);
if (obj instanceof String) {
value = obj.toString();
} else {
value = new JsonUtil().objectToString(obj);
}
}
result = result.replace(para, value);
}
四、依赖的jar包以及源码地址
参考依赖的jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-testng</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
源码git地址:
https://github.com/simple365/Pineapple
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