预制木结构实现“大跨度”空间

czm5460 2018-08-21

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该项目是麻省理工学院的一个跨学科设计研讨会，它开发了一种建筑原型，旨在解决世界日益增长的能源危机，“21世纪最大的挑战之一。”大量使用木材 - 基于建筑设计和施工技术的大规模木材 - 一种在北美地区越来越受欢迎的方法 - 该项目利用预制木结构构件的“效率，速度，精确和多功能性”来实现多功能，可持续建筑。长屋类型，通常是文明的第一个永久性结构之一，在世界各地都很常见，但在调整其构造以面对现代问题时，团队希望创造一个“建立在这个丰富的文化偶像上的空间”。

MIT Mass Timber Design, a cross-disciplinary design workshop at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have developed a building prototype that aims to tackle the world’s growing energy crisis, “one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century.” Extensively using the wood-based building design and construction technology mass timber - a method growing in popularity within North America - the project utilizes the “efficiency, speed, precision and versatility” of prefabricated timber construction elements to realize a multi-functional, sustainable building. The longhouse typology, often one of the first permanent structures of a civilization, is a common across the world, but in adapting its construction to face modern-day issues, the team hopes to create a space that “builds upon this rich cultural icon.”

长屋 - 按其定义 - 是一个狭长的建筑，通常包含一个用于公民或团体活动的公共空间。施工中的挑战是跨越如此大的距离，在该空间内很少或没有中断，使得房间保持尽可能灵活和适应性。该团队的设计在建筑物的短部分使用了一系列木质层压单板木材（LVL）拱门来实现这一目标，拱形的薄壁三角形轮廓为结构提供了最佳的刚性。 CNC制造的预制模块化系统用于其大部分剩余构件，这使得整体快速组装，大大减少了现场使用的时间。创建的广阔空间将以多种不同的方式使用，包括合作，运动，社交，展览，晚宴聚会和讲座。

Longhouses - by their very definition - are long, narrow building, usually containing a single communal space used for civic or group activities. The challenge in construction is spanning such a large distance with little or no disruption within the space so that the room remains as flexible and adaptable as possible. The team’s design uses a series of timber laminated veneer lumber (LVL) arches across the short section of the building to achieve this, with the arch’s thin-walled triangular profile providing optimum rigidity for the structure. A CNC manufactured prefabricated modular system is employed for the majority of its remaining elements, which makes for an overall efficient assembly, greatly reducing the time spent on-site. The expansive space created will be used in multiple different ways, including co-working, exercise classes, social mixers, exhibitions, dinner gatherings, and lectures.

在建筑环境面临巨大变化的那一刻，对能源智能建筑原型的需求比以往任何时候都更为重要。

大规模木材最近的普及增长主要归功于其显着的环境效益。该项目设计建立在这些品质的基础上，不仅是可持续项目，而且设计产生能源。 “锯齿状屋顶”的角度和定向使得太阳能增益和日光需求最大化，而较低的窗口 - 墙体起到了隔热作用。麻省理工学院大型木材设计团队致力于此类项目的进一步开发和研究，继续探索“建筑与技术间的可持续建筑的未来”。

At [a] moment when the built environment is faced with dramatic shifts, the need for energy-intelligent building prototypes is more significant than ever.

Mass timber’s recent growth in popularity can be largely attributed to its significant environmental benefits. The Longhouse design builds upon these qualities, designing not only a sustainable project but one that produces energy. The “sawtooth roof” is angled and orientated in such a way to maximize solar gains and daylight needs, while a low window-to-wall ratio maintains an efficient, insulated thermal envelope. The MIT Mass Timber Design team are committed to the further development and research of projects like this, continuing to explore “the future of sustainable buildings at the intersection of architecture and technology.”