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Atrophic rhinitis 萎缩性鼻炎
Main points for diagnosis 【诊断要点】
Sensation of being dry in nasaland pharyngeal parts. The body of gland of nasal mucosa is atrophic and thesecretion of the mucous gland decreases. The patient has had mouth breathingfor a long time and often feels dry in the nasal cavity, nasal larynx and orallarynx. 鼻和咽部干燥感。鼻腔粘膜腺体萎缩，粘液腺分泌减少，以及长期张口呼吸，患者常感鼻腔、鼻咽和口咽干燥。 Nasal obstruction: A largenumber of crusts blocking the nasal cavity make respiration with the noseobstructed. Or though there is air passing through the nasal cavity, thepatient can not easily be aware of it due to dysesthesia of nerves of the nasalcavity or mistakes it as nasal obstruction. 鼻塞：大量痂块堵塞鼻腔，鼻呼吸受阻。或因鼻腔神经感觉迟钝，虽有空气通过鼻腔，但不易觉察而误觉鼻塞。 Epistaxis: Nasal mucosa is dryand erosive, which easily causes rupture and bleeding of the capillary. Whenthe patient forcefully blows out the dry crusts inside the nasal cavity, it mayalso injure the mucosa to cause bleeding. 鼻衄：鼻腔粘膜干燥，糜烂，易致毛细血管破裂出血，用力擤出鼻腔内干痂时，亦可损伤粘膜而出血。 Besides, the patient has thesymptoms of dysosmia, foul odour in nasal cavity, headache, dizziness, andhypomnesis,etc. 还可有嗅觉障碍、鼻腔有臭气、头表、头昏、记忆力减退等症状. Local examination: In severeatrophic rhinitis, the nose is saddle nose because the disease affects the normalnasal development. The nose bridge contracts backwards and sticks up, withnostrils facing upwards. The skin of the nasal vestibule is dry and erosive,with sparse rhinothrix or exfoliation of rhinothrix. The mucosa is dry. Nasalconchae shrink, especially the inferior concha. Nasal cavity is broad andlarge, filled with the big greyishgreenish pus crusts. The mucosa is dry andshrinks, or erodes to bleed easily. The examiner can see the nasopharyngealpart directly through the nasal cavity. In severe cases, perforation of thenasal septum can be seen. Pathological changes of atrophy develop downwardswhile the pharyngolaryngeal mucosa may have the same pathological changes. 局部检查：严重的萎缩性鼻炎由于影响正常发育而呈鞍鼻外形，是粱后缩上翘，鼻孔朝上，鼻前庭皮肤干燥糜烂，鼻毛稀少或脱落.粘膜干燥，鼻甲缩小，尤以下鼻甲为甚，鼻腔宽大，有大块灰绿色脓痂充塞，粘膜干燥萎缩，或糜烂而易出血，通过鼻腔可直视到鼻咽部。重者可见鼻中隔穿孔. 萎缩病变向下发展. 咽喉粘膜可有同样病变。
TO BE CONTINUED。。。
 高山流水纯音乐 - 高山流水-古筝
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