概要写作（Summarywriting），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。概要写作所给定的语篇
一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“
Keypointsofasummary”的要求。一．正确认识概要写作1.Definitionofsummarywr
iting（概要写作的定义）Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourow
nwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle,achapterora
book.2.Keypointsofasummary（概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）：Omitunn
ecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportan
tinformation.Length:1/4-1/3oftheoriginaltext.Completeness（
完整性）：Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliverediny
ouownwordsinacondensedmanner.Accuracy（准确性）：Togivethesame
attentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.Coherence（
连贯性）：Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asu
mmaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstru
cturestomakeitflow.Objectivity（客观性）：Donotincludeyourown
ideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflecttheco
ntentoftheoriginalpassageonly.3.Stepstowriteasummary（概要
写作的步骤）1）Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.2）Analyzethe
text’sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutth
emainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourow
nwords.(onesentence)3）Writedownthekeysupportingpointsfor
eachmainideawithoutinvolvingminordetails.4）Organizethema
inandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessar
ytransitionstoachievecoherence.5）Proofreadforgrammatical,s
pellingandpunctuationmistakes.4.Beginningofasummary（概要写作的开
头）Beginyoursummarywith:Theauthor’snameThearticle’sorcha
pter’snameTheauthor’sthesisstatement—ageneraloverview(surv
ey)ofthearticle.TheBody:Firstofall,theauthordescribes……H
ethenpointsoutthat……Inaddition,theauthortalksabout……Fina
lly,theauthorsuggests……Someotherintroductoryphrases:(Thea
uthor)statesin(thisarticle)that…(Theauthor),in(thisarti
cle)showsthat…In(thisarticle),(theauthor)writesthat…As
(theauthor)saysin(thisarticle),…Themainideaof(theautho
r’sarticle)is…Theauthorbelieves(holds;maintains;claims;a
rgues;pointsout;suggests;proposes)that+clause…Theauthor
talksabout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuseson)
+n.二．记叙文概要写作记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：
when,where,who,what,why,how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的
故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：Whodidwhatby…because…不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选
其一即可。Directions:Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasu
mmaryofitinnomorethan60words.Itookatriptoabiglake
inIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugel
akewithbeautifulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbythe
endlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,
Ivolunteeredtogowater-skiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,
gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoona
spossible.Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled(激
动)toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthatIspedmy
motorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleo
ftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.Ididn’tknoww
hereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwaswo
rse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodee
verywherebutcouldn’tfindmywayback.Itwasuselessformeto
cryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatIbegantothink
aboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterh
elplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeon
ecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypu
lledmeuptothedeckandaskedmeifIwashurt.Icouldn’tsay
awordbutcriedinmyfather’sarms.材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对
其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：When—twoyearsagoWhere—atriptoabigl
akeinIndonesiaWho—“I”,thewriterWhat—gotlost;wasfoundWhy—go
water-skiingalone;toothrilledResult—fathercametoherrescue
列出了要点之后，就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约50词的通顺概要：Thepassagetellsusthew
riter’sexperienceofadventure.Oncethewriterwasonatripto
alakewhereshewentwater-skiingalone.Shewassoexcitedand
enjoyedherselfthatsoonshegotlost.Fortunately,herfather
finallycametoherrescue.（44words）三．说明文概要写作要点点拨说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可
分为以下几类：现象揭示类：Thearticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon—(主题)，wh
ich…(补充解释)利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitso
fAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Ont
hepositiveside,…,butitmayalso…研究显示类：Thestudyrevealsthat…
Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…Directions:Pleaseread
thefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan
60words.Alargesourceofrubbishispackagingmaterial.Itofte
nmakesupmorethan30percentofthetotal.Tounderstandwhyt
hisistrue,thinkofthepackagingcommonlyusedforasimplepr
oduct,suchastoothpaste.Thepackagingincludesnotonlythetu
beforthetoothpaste,butalsotheboxforthetube.Thisboxis
putintoaplasticwrapper.Then,theboxesaretransportedina
cardboardcontainer.Mostpackagingmaterialendsupinalandfil
lafteritisthrownaway.Thoughnecessary,landfillstakeupva
luablespace,oftenstink（发出恶臭）,andcanleakharmfulsubstances
intothesoil.Landfillsnotincluded,theproductionofpackagin
gmaterialitselfisamajorsourceofairandwaterpollution.Pe
oplearenowtryingtosolvetheproblemscausedbypackagingmat
erials.In1991,Germanytooktheleadbyrequiringcompaniesto
recyclethepackagingusedfortheirgoods.Todothis,thecompa
niessetuprecyclingbinsineveryneighborhood.Consumersnows
eparatetheirrubbishintothreecategories—metal,plasticandpa
percartons.Theythenputitintotheappropriatebin.Therubbi
shsorted,itistransportedtoarecyclingcompanyforprocessin
g.Theprogrammeworkedwellatfirst.However,theamountofrubb
ishhasbeguntoincreaseagain.Onereasonforthisisthatmany
consumersnolongerreducewastebecausetheythinktheproblem
issolved.Itseemsthattoproperlydealwiththeproblemofrub
bish,everyonemustremainalertanddotheirpart.材料分析：根据文本内容，这是
一篇讲包装材料所带来的问题的说明文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们必须首先弄清每一段落的主要内容是什么。第一段开头第一句话“A
largesourceofrubbishispackagingmaterial.Itoftenmakesup
morethan30percentofthetotal.”是段落的中心句，同时也点明了文章的主题，后面就在以牙膏为例进
行举例说明。第二段主要讲的是包装材料所带来的问题，主要包括两方面，一是垃圾进入填埋场后所造成的污染；二是这些包装材料在生产过程中会
产生对空气和水的污染。第三段主要在讲人们正在采取措施解决包装材料所带来的问题，其中第一句“Peoplearenowtryin
gtosolvetheproblemscausedbypackagingmaterials.”是段落的中心句，后面
就在用德国的事情举例说明，政府、制造商和个人采取的措施试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题。第四段开头的however至关重要，说明德国
的方法尽管起到了一定的作用，但包装材料的污染仍然是一个大问题，我们绝不能放松警惕。弄清了每段的主要内容后，我们就按照概要写作的几个原则对其进行连接，在连接段落时需要添加必要的连接词使其通顺连贯即可：Thearticlepointsouttheproblemofpackaging.Aboutonethirdofrubbishresultsfromthepackagingmaterials,whichcausedamagetotheenvironmentduringtheirproductionandafterendinginlandfills.Thoughtheprogramscarriedouttocombattheproblemaretemporarilysuccessful,theproblemremainsagreatconcern.(50words)高考英语之概要写作 |
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