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一、定语从句（一）： 1. 定语从句的概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。 4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。 二、定语从句（二） 1. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。 1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。 There is nothing ______ I can do for you. 2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。 This is the very book ______ I’m looking for. 3). 先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。 This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school. 4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.= I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian. 5). 先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had. 2. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。 1). 关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。 This is the building in ______ he lives. 2). 先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which。 The clock is that _____ tells the time. 3). 引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。 His book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now. 3. 先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。 1). 当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who。 Those ______ are singing are all my classmates. 2). 在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。 There is a girl ______ expects to see you. 3). 当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who。 He ______ plays with fire gets burned. 三、定语从句（三）。 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。 where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1. 由where引导的定语从句。 1). 先行词是表示地点的名词 2). 在定语从句中作地点状语 Is this the house ______ you lived? = Is this the house _____ _____ you lived? = Is this the house _____ you lived in? 2. 由when引导的定语从句。 1). 先行词是表示时间的名词 2). 在定语从句中作时间状语 I will never forget the days ______ I met him. = I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him. 注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。 When was the last time you saw the parrot? 3. 由why引导的定语从句。 先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。 We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come. 四、注意事项： 1. 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。 The story _____ he told was very popular. A. who B. whom C. whose D. / 2. that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs. She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard . 3. 在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。 Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday? A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it 4. 定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。 判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose。 The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate. A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy. His handwriting is very good. = I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good. 五、定语从句的简化 把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。 1. She reveived a box which was full of presents. She reveived a box _____ _____ presents. 2. He likes reading books that was written by Luxun. He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun. 3. I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it. I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it. 4. Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress. Do you know the girl ______ a red dress. |
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