名师讲解初中英语时态试题

巧解初中英语时态试题

在初中阶段，学过的英语时态主要有“一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时”等八种时态。在中考英语试题中，除了“过去完成时”和“现在完成进行时”出现的频率稍低外，其他时态都是“常客”。解答时态题，要以“寻找时间信息”作为突破口。

一、根据时态与时间的“对应关系”解题

英语句子的时态，大部分是依据明确的时间状语来决定的。因此，解题时要注意运用时态与时间的“对应关系”。如:

◆句中有yesterday, last night/week/month/year/century, two days ago, the other day, when

he was…时，句子或主句的时态用“一般过去时”。

◆句中有this time yesterday, at eight yesterday morning, at that time, from two to five yesterday afternoon, when I walked in the street时，句子或主句的时态用“过去进行时”。

◆句中有tomorrow, this month, next week, “in+段时间”，for another one hour, in the future, when he comes等时，句子或主句的时态用“一般将来时”。

◆句中有already, yet, for three years, over the years, so far, for a long time, in the past/last few years, since 1995, since ...ago, since last…，since she left here等“段时I'7”状语时，句子或主句的时态用“现在完成时”。

【中考真题】

1.－Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?

－Not really. I just at home.(2017年昆明卷)

A. stay B. stayed C. will stay D. am staying

2.Some exchange students with their host families this time yesterday.(2017年上海卷)

A. are chatting B. will chat

C. were chatting D. have chatted

3.－Did you see Mr White just now?

－Yes. He his car when I met him.(2017年营口卷)

A. parked B. was parking

C. is parking D. parks

4. We TV from seven to nine last night.(2017年武威卷)

A. were watching B. will watch

C. watched D. watch

5.－Hey, Kate. 1 called you at 6: 30 yesterday afternoon, but you didn't answer.

－Oh, sorry. I at that time.(2017年怀化卷)

A. am doing the dishes

B. do the dishes

C. was doing the dishes

6.－I called you just now, but nobody answered.

－Oh, I when the bell rang.(2017年恩施卷)

A. am taking a shower

B. was taking a shower

C. took a shower

7.－Have you set out?

－Yes, we have. We in two hours.(2017年辽阳卷)

A. arrive B. arrived

C. will arrive D. have arrived

8. With the development of science and technology, robot cooks in our families in

the future.(2017年泰安卷)

A. appear B. appeared

C. will appear D. is appearing

9.－Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now?

－I'm watching a football match. It started at 7: 30 pm. and it on for another one hour.(2017年长沙卷)

A. has been B. was C. will be

10. I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it a lot over the years. (2017年安徽卷)

A. changed B. changes

C. will change D. has changed

【答案与解析】

1.B。时间状语是last Sunday，因此句子的谓语用一般过去时。

2.C。时间状语是this time yesterday，因此句子的谓语用过去进行时。

3.B。时间状语是从句when I met him，因此主句的谓语用过去进行时。

4.A。时间状语是from seven to nine last night，因此句子的谓语用过去进行时。

5.C。时间状语是at that time，因此句子的谓语用过去进行时。

6.B。时间状语是从句when the bell rang，因此句子的谓语用过去进行时。

7.C。时间状语是这个从句，因此句子的谓语用一般将来时。

8.C。时间状语是in the future，因此句子的谓语用一般将来时。

9.C。时间状语是for another one hour，因此句子的谓语用一般将来时。

10. D。时间状语是over the years，因此句子的谓语用现在完成时。

二、根据从句的“特定时态表示法”解题

在if, unless, as long as等引导的条件状语从句中，其谓语用一般现在时表示一般将来时的概念;在when, before, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语用一般现在时表示一般将来时的概念。也就是说，这些从句即使含有将来概念，谓语也要用一般现在时表示。例如:要表达“如果明天下雨”，应说“If it rains tomorrow.”，不能说“If it will rain.”。又例如:要表达“当我明天到达那里时”，应说“when I arrive there tomorrow”，不能说“when I will arrive there tomorrow”。因此，解答这两类从句的试题一定要注意特定时态的表达法。

【中考真题】

1. If it sunny tomorrow, I will go shopping with my friends in the supermarket.

(2017年西宁卷)

A. will be B. be C. is D. was

2. As soon as the rain ，they will go out to pick apples.(2017年重庆A卷)

A. stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping

3. My family will go to Yunnan as soon as the holiday .(2017年绥化卷)

A. will begin B. begin C. begins

4. －Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?

－I'm not sure. But I'll ring you up as soon as I there tomorrow.(2017年襄阳卷)

A. arrive B. arrived

C. will arrive D. am going to arrive

【答案与解析】

1.C。本题中，if引导的是条件状语从句，意思是“如果明天是晴天”，因此，谓语用表示一般现在时的is。

2.A。本题中，as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，意思是“雨一停下来”，因此，谓语用表示一般现在时的stops 。

3.C。本题中，as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，意思是“假期一开始”，因此，谓语用表示一般现在时的begins。

4.A。本题中，as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，意思是“我明天一到那儿”，因此，谓语用表示一般现在时的arrive。

【特别提醒】 if除了可以引导条件状语从句表示“如果”外，还可以引导宾语从句表示“是否(相当于whether)”，此时if从句的时态应根据需要确定。另外，when除了可以引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导宾语从句，此时when从句的时态也应根据需要确定。

【中考真题】

1.－I want to know if your pen friend tomorrow.

－If she tomorrow, we'll give her a big surprise.(2017年阜新卷)

A. will come; will come

B. will come; come

C. will come; comes

D. comes; will come

2. I don't know when he back. Please tell me when he back.(2017年宜宾卷)

A. comes; comes

B. comes; will come

C. will come; comes

【答案与解析】

1.C。本题中，第一个if引导的是宾语从句，意思是“我想知道你的笔友明天是否会来”，因此谓语用一般将来时will come;第二个if引导的是条件状语从句，意思是“如果明天她来”，因此谓语用一般现在时comes。

2.C。本题中，第一个when引导的是宾语从句，意思是“我不知道他什么时候回来”，因此谓语用一般将来时will come;第二个when引导的是时间状语从句，意思是“当他回来时”，因此谓语用一般现在时comes。

三、根据上下文之间“暗含的时间”解题

近年来，为了加大能力检测力度，有些时态检测题不提供明确的“时间状语”或“时态呼应”信息，需要我们根据上下文的相关信息判断，这自然增加了解题难度。因此，解答这类题，必须通过仔细观察，据理分析、判断，寻找出“暗含”时间来确定上下句之间的时态关系。

【中考真题】

1. Wow! You dinner. Let' s eat now.(2017年河北卷)

A. cook B. are cooking

C. will cook D. have cooked

2. Don't take the dictionary away. I it.(2017年河北卷)

A. use B. used

C. am using D. have used

3. I've just returned from my trip to London.

I many interesting places there.(2017年江西卷)

A. visit B. will visit

C. am visiting D. visited

4.－When did the classroom have a power cut?

－This morning, while we a physics lesson.(2017年南京卷)

A. have had B. were having

C. are having D. will have

5. The earth is a planet and it round the sun.(2017年天津卷)

A. goes B. go

C. will go D. went

6.－Steve, let's go to the movie.

－I'm afraid I can't. I the World Table Tennis Championships(锦标赛)(2017年牡丹江卷)

A. watch B. am watching C. watched

7. Neither he nor I was playing computer games at this time yesterday. We trees in the neighborhood.(2017年龙东地区卷)

A. were planting B. planted C. are planting

8.－Paul, I’m busy cooking. Can you give me a hand?

－Just a minute. I my e-mail.(2017年河南卷)

A. am checking B. will check

C. have checked D. was checking

【答案与解析】

1.D。“Let's eat now.”这个信息暗示“饭已经做好了”，故应选择have cooked表示“现在完成时”

2.C。“Don't take the dictionary away.”这个信息暗示“我正在用这本词典”，故应选择am using表示“现在进行时”。

3.D。前句说了“我已经从伦敦旅游回来了”，这个信息暗示“我在那儿游览了许多有趣的地方”属过去发生的事，故应选择visited表示“一般过去时”。

4.B。问句的意思是“教室是什么时候停电的”，属过去发生的事，那么答语应该是“今天上午我们正在上物理课时”，故应选择were having表示“过去进行时”。

5.A。“地球绕着太阳转”属客观规律，故应选择goes表示“一般现在时”。

6.B。“I'm afraid I can't.”的意思是“恐怕现在不行”，这个信息暗示“我现在正在看世界乒乓球锦标赛”，故应选择am watching表示“现在进行时”。

7.A。前句中的“was playing computer games at this time yesterday”暗示“那时我们正

在附近栽树”，故应选择were planting表示“过去进行时”。

8.A。“Just a minute.”的意思是“请稍等”，这个信息暗示“我现在正在查阅电子邮件”，故应选择am checking表示“现在进行时”。

【易错点警示(一)】

按照英语词语用法规则，瞬间动词的现在完成时不能与段时间状语连用，此时要选用相应的延续性动词或状态性动词的现在完成时形式。这些瞬间动词相应的转换是:leave→be away; buy→have; borrow→keep; die→be dead; become→be; marry/get married→be married; begin/start→be on; open(v.) →be open(adj.); join→be a十成员名称或be in十组织名称。这是时态试题中最易出错的考点，解题时一定要特别注意。

【中考真题】

1.－Do you know when Nick is leaving?

－He for half an hour.(2017年云南卷)

A. will leave B. left

C. has left D. has been away

2.－I'm sorry for being late.

－Never mind. The meeting for only five minutes. This way, please.(2017年乐山卷)

A. has begun

B. has ended

C. has been on

3. My grandparents for over sixty years and they love each other very much.(2017年宿迁卷)

A. have been married B. got married

C. were married D. have got married

4.－You have a nice car.

－Thank you .I it for less than one month.(2017年扬州卷)

A. bought B. have bought

C. had D. have had

5.－I saw Jim into that new building just now.

－Oh, it's our new library It to the public for a week.(2017年龙东地区卷)

A. walk; has opened

B. walk; has been open

C. walking; has opened

【答案与解析】

1.D。句中有段时间状语for half an hour，不与has left连用，应选择has been away。

2.C。句中有段时间状语for only five minutes，不与has begun连用，应选择has been on。

3.A。句中有段时间状语for over sixty years，不与have got married连用，应选择have been married。

4.D。句中有段时间状语for less than one month，不与have bought连用，应选择have had。

5.B。句中有段时间状语for a week，不与has opened连用，应选择has been open。

【易错点警示(二) 】

have/has gone to和have/has been to的用法辨异也常出现在中考英语时态试题中。解答这类题一定要根据“have/has gone to已去未归，have/has been to去过已回”的规则进行辨异。

【中考真题】

1.－Frank, where is your father?

－He isn't at home now. He New York.(2017年邵阳卷)

A. has gone to

B. has been to

C. goes to

2.－May I speak to your headmaster?

－Sorry, he isn't here. He to Guiyang on business.(2017年铜仁卷)

A. have gone B. has gone

C. have been D. has been

【答案与解析】

1.A。“He isn't at home now.”的意思是“他现在不在家”，表明“他已去未归”。因此，本题应选择has gone to表示“他已经到纽约去了”。

2.B。“Sony, he isn't here.”的意思是“对不起，他现在不在这儿”，表明‘他尚未回来”。因此，本题应选择has gone表示“他已经到贵阳出差去了”。